阅读说明：本技术 一种无伺服主动三维探测导引头 (Servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker ) 是由 杨俊彦 周华伟 高东阳 刘浩伟 陈宗镁 蔡彬 王成明 陶健美 陈龙江 于 2020-04-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种无伺服主动三维探测导引头,该导引头是由双DBR混合型单元VCSELs、LC-OPA光束扫描系统、同轴共孔径光学发收系统、APD探测模块等光机电一体集成,实现同步扫描机制和光机电一体化。VCSELs结构包含一种InP共振腔和两种DBR：GaAs/AlAs构成下DBR,Si02/TiO2构成上DBR,InP共振腔在DBR中间,使得中心波长为1064nm的激光通过VCSELs结构后达到面阵激光发射效果。LC-OPA光束扫描系统由液晶光学移相器组成,通过电控组件驱动,实现对面阵激光光束的相位调制,形成实现高精度、高效率、大角度相控光束偏转的效果。同轴共孔径光学发收系统用于反射激光和接收激光回波信号,通过收发同轴共孔径设计,达到较小压缩激光探测的视场角、降低背景噪声、增加作用距离的效果。(The invention discloses a servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker which is formed by integrating optical-mechanical-electrical integration of double-DBR mixed type units, namely a VCSE L s, a L C-OPA light beam scanning system, a coaxial common-aperture optical transmitting-receiving system, an APD detection module and the like, and realizes a synchronous scanning mechanism and the optical-mechanical-electrical integration.A VCSE L s structure comprises an InP resonant cavity and two DBRs, wherein GaAs/AlAs forms a lower DBR, Si02/TiO2 forms an upper DBR, and the InP resonant cavity is arranged in the middle of the DBRs, so that laser with the central wavelength of 1064nm passes through a VCSE L s structure to achieve an area array laser emission effect. L C-OPA light beam scanning system consists of a liquid crystal optical phase shifter and is driven by an electric control component to achieve the phase modulation of an area array laser light beam, and achieve the effects of achieving high-precision, high-efficiency and large-angle phased light beam deflection.)

1. A servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker is characterized in that: the device comprises a light source (1), a reflector, a phased array component (4), a hood (6), a coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system, an electronic bin (11) and an electric control driving component (12);

the light source (1) is used for emitting laser beams, and the emitted laser beams are reflected by the emitter and then enter the phased array assembly (4);

after receiving the laser beam, the phased array assembly (4) continuously deflects under the control of the electric control driving assembly (12), scans and emits the laser beam, and emits the laser beam to an external space through the hood (6);

the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system is used for receiving echo signals after diffuse reflection of a target, sending the received echo signals to an electronic cabin (11) for processing, acquiring the time difference between a transmitted laser beam and the received echo signals, and calculating the required distance between the seeker and the target according to the time difference.

2. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker of claim 1, wherein the light source (1) is a double DBR hybrid unit VCSE L s.

3. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection guidance head according to claim 2, wherein: the central wavelength of the laser beam is 1064 nm.

4. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection guidance head according to claim 2, wherein the double DBR hybrid type unit VCSE L s comprises a substrate (13) and a plurality of emission laser units (14), the emission laser units (14) are uniformly distributed on the substrate (13) and are used for emitting area array laser, each emission laser unit (14) comprises an upper DBR, a lower DBR and an InP resonant cavity between the upper DBR and the lower DBR, and the hybrid type unit VCSE L s is realized through an array.

5. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection guidance head according to claim 4, wherein: the upper DBR is made of a Si02/TiO2 dielectric film, the lower DBR is made of a GaAs-based GaAs/AlAs semiconductor, and the InP resonant cavity is made of an InP-based InAsP/InGaAsP strain compensation multi-quantum well active material.

6. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection guidance head according to claim 2, wherein: the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system comprises a Cassegrain main reflector (8), a secondary reflector (9) and an APD detection module (10); the optical signal after the diffuse reflection of the target is converged to an APD detection module (10) through a Cassegrain main reflector (8) and a secondary reflector (9) to form an echo signal; the APD detection module (10) sends the echo signal to the electronic bin (11).

7. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection guidance head according to claim 6, wherein: the chip of the APD detection module (10) is made of InGaAs material.

8. The active three-dimensional detection guidance head without servo as claimed in claim 1, wherein the range of the scanning emission laser beam is 10 ° × 10 °.

9. The servo-free active three-dimensional detection guidance head according to claim 1, wherein: the phased array component (4) is an optical phased array; the optical phased array is a liquid crystal optical phased array.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an active laser three-dimensional detection technology, in particular to a liquid crystal optical phased array technology-based deflection modulation of three-dimensional detection light beams and application thereof to a three-dimensional detection seeker.

Background

The light beam deflection modulation technology is a technology for accurately controlling the wave vector direction of laser or wide-spectrum light beams, and has wide application prospects in various fields such as target detection, laser communication, optical information storage and the like. The traditional light beam deflection system is realized by depending on mechanical and electromechanical servo mechanism devices, and has the defects of complex structure, low precision, large mass and volume, high energy consumption, sensitivity to inertia in the motion process, poor reliability and the like. The defects are more prominent in an active photoelectric air-defense system, so that the maneuverability is not strong, the scanning speed is not high, the tracking performance is limited, and part of electromechanical components need to be maintained regularly, so that the light and small requirements of a seeker in future air-defense detection and battle cannot be completely met.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the liquid crystal phased array technology is adopted, large-angle and high-pointing precision scanning of area array laser is achieved, a servo mechanism required by traditional laser scanning detection is replaced, and high integration and light and small size of the laser active three-dimensional detection seeker are achieved.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker comprises a light source, a reflector, a phased array assembly, a hood, a coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system, an electronic bin and an electric control driving assembly;

the light source is used for emitting laser beams, and the emitted laser beams are reflected by the emitter and then enter the phased array assembly;

after the phased array component receives the laser beam, the phased array component continuously deflects under the control of the electric control driving component, scans and transmits the laser beam to an external space through the hood;

the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system is used for receiving echo signals after diffuse reflection of a target, sending the received echo signals to the electronic bin for processing, acquiring the time difference between the transmitted laser beam and the received echo signals, and calculating the required distance between the seeker and the target according to the time difference.

Further, the light source is a double DBR hybrid unit VCSE L s.

Further, the center wavelength of the laser beam is 1064 nm.

Furthermore, the double-DBR hybrid type unit VCSE L s comprises a substrate and a plurality of emission laser units, wherein the emission laser units are uniformly distributed on the substrate and used for emitting area array laser, each emission laser unit comprises an upper DBR, a lower DBR and an InP resonant cavity arranged between the upper DBR and the lower DBR, and the hybrid type unit VCSE L s is realized through an array.

Furthermore, the upper DBR is made of a Si02/TiO2 dielectric film, the lower DBR is made of a GaAs/AlAs semiconductor, and the InP resonant cavity is made of an InP-based InAsP/InGaAsP strain compensation multi-quantum well active material.

Further, the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system comprises a Cassegrain main reflector, a secondary reflector and an APD detection module; converging the optical signal subjected to target diffuse reflection to an APD detection module through a Cassegrain main reflector and a secondary reflector to form an echo signal; the APD detection module sends the echo signal to the electronic bin.

Further, the chip of the APD detection module is an InGaAs material.

Further, the scanning emission laser beam ranges from 10 ° × 10 ° but is not limited to this angle.

Further, the optical phased array is used for scanning and capturing the light beams, and the optical phased array component can be a liquid crystal optical phased array, but is not limited to the liquid crystal optical phased array.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention provides a servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker, which realizes high integration and light and small size and has the characteristics of small mass and volume, low energy consumption, good reliability, good motion performance and the like.

2. The seeker can perform phase modulation on the planar array laser beam, realizes the effect of large-angle and high-precision phased beam deflection, and has the characteristics of strong maneuverability, high scanning speed, good tracking performance and the like in the active photoelectric control system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path layout of the seeker of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertical cavity surface emitting VCSE L laser of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained and illustrated in the following figures and detailed description of the specification.

A servo-free active three-dimensional detection guide head comprises double DBR mixed type units VCSE L s, a L C-OPA light beam scanning system, a coaxial common-aperture optical transceiving system, an APD detection module and the like.

The double-DBR mixed type unit VCSE L s is used for emitting area array laser, and is a resonant cavity structure consisting of an upper DBR, a lower DBR and an optical gain active region arranged in the upper DBR, so that a high-density VCSE L unit is realized, and the unit consists of a Si02/TiO2 dielectric film DBR, a GaAs-based GaAs/AlAs semiconductor DBR and an InP-based InAsP/InGaAsP strain compensation multi-quantum well active material arranged between the two DBRs, wherein the DBR is distributed Bragg reflection, and the VCSE L s is a vertical cavity surface emitting laser.

L C-OPA light beam scanning system, adopt quasi-continuous precise regulation and control device and polarization grating type digital regulation and control device cascade mode, realize the light beam deflection of large angle, high accuracy, fast and agility synchronously L C-OPA makes up an array by many liquid crystal phase shift units (pixel), the principle that each phase shift unit realizes phase modulation is based on the electro-optic effect of nematic phase liquid crystal material.

The coaxial common-aperture optical transceiving system is characterized by being embodied in the coaxial common-aperture optical-mechanical system integration technology without a servo position marker. The system adopts a secondary scanning imaging Cassegrain system with short axial length, long focal length and large relative aperture, and realizes coaxial common aperture of laser emission and APD reception in a servo-free configuration. In the coaxial common-aperture optical transceiving system, a 1064nm laser beam sequentially passes through a spectroscope, a reflector group, the center of a secondary reflector and a phased array assembly, and is emitted from the center of a head cover/window to form a thin beam with a small divergence angle. The synthesized visual signal reflected back after irradiating the target is incident to the main reflector, the secondary reflector, the multiplexed servo-free lens group and the polarization spectroscope through the hood/window, passes through the laser window in front of the APD through the correcting mirror and is converged in the photosensitive surface of the APD. The design of the coaxial system reduces the volume of the seeker.

The APD detection module comprises a front-end amplifier circuit, a high-voltage power supply circuit of the detector, a laser signal processing circuit, a bias voltage modulation circuit, a TDC circuit, a quenching circuit, a TEC driving circuit and the like, and is used for receiving echo signals reflected by the target, processing the signals received by the APD detection module by a subsequent control system, settling the flight time of laser pulses and converting the flight time into a target distance value and a corresponding direction. The action distance of APD detection is farther than that of a scanning imaging mode, the penetration force is strong, and APD detection air defense is adopted at the initial stage of the flight of the seeker, so that a target can be rapidly intercepted and captured in a large-range search mode.

The present invention will be further explained by describing one embodiment in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the servo-free active three-dimensional detection seeker comprises a double DBR hybrid type unit VCSE L s1, a substrate 13 and a vertical cavity surface emitting laser unit 14, wherein a surface source array laser beam 15 emitted by the double DBR hybrid type unit VCSE L s1 passes through a reflecting mirror 2 and a transmitting mirror 3 and then irradiates to a front L C-OPA assembly 4, the surface source array laser beam incident to a L C-OPA assembly 4 is controlled by an electronic control driving assembly 12 to continuously scan and deflect an emergent beam 5, the emergent beam 5 is emitted from a head cover 6, after the emergent laser beam 5 irradiates to a target, an echo signal 7 diffusely reflected by the target enters a coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system through a head cover 6 again, the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system comprises a Cassegrain main reflecting mirror 8 and a secondary reflecting mirror 9, the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system converges the echo signal 7 to an APD detection module 10, the APD detection module intersects the detected signal by an electronic cabin 11 to process, the time difference between the emergent beam 5 and the echo signal 7 is obtained, the distance between the target and the target VCS active three-dimensional detection seeker is calculated, the distance between the target VCS and the target VCS active three-dimensional detection seeker 12, the two DBR array laser beam 12 is controlled by the optical scanning optical system, the optical scanning mirror 12, the optical scanning optical head 3, the transmitting system 12, the optical axis of the two DBR array laser beam 5 and the transmitting mirror 12, the two DBR array laser beam 5 is controlled by the optical receiving system 12, the optical head 12, the optical system is controlled by the optical head 3.

The 1064nm laser echo signal 7 passes through a primary emission mirror 8 and a secondary reflection mirror 9 in the coaxial common-aperture optical receiving system, and then is converged to an APD photosensitive surface and received by an APD detection module 10. The 1064nm target reflected energy detected by the APD detection module 10 is converted into a measurable electrical signal by the APD, and is composed of a detector APD chip and circuits such as preamplifier, preprocessing, gain, filtering, bias, synchronization, main wave detection (readout circuit chip) and delay processing, and is configured with corresponding semiconductor refrigeration and temperature control circuits. The preamplifier and preprocessing circuit provides bias voltage and driving time sequence signals for the APD chip, generates scanning image signals in a compliant format after differential processing, and transmits the scanning image signals to the control system of the electronic cabin 11. The detector APD chip is made of InGaAs material and can have larger spectral responsivity at 1064 nm.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.