Laser pipe cutting machine with 3D groove cutting function and control method
阅读说明：本技术 一种具有3d坡口切割功能的激光切管机及控制方法 (Laser pipe cutting machine with 3D groove cutting function and control method ) 是由 曹俊伟 于 2019-11-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的一种具有3D坡口切割功能的激光切管机及控制方法,主轴箱与前卡盘均安装于主机床身同一副直线导轨上,便于保持和调节主轴箱与前卡盘同心,主轴箱和前卡盘用于夹持管材,使得管材、主轴箱和前卡盘同步旋转；主轴箱夹持爪夹持着管材沿直线导轨X轴方向移动,前卡盘的滚轮托住管材,使管材在前卡盘滚轮的支撑下顺畅的沿X轴移动,同时前卡盘也可沿X轴移动,用于切割管材3D坡口时避让激光切割头,3维激光切割头安装在Z轴上下机构底板上,通过控制Z轴上下机构的运动,从而实现Z轴上下机构底板和3维切割头上下运动；本发明能实现五轴插补运动来切割管材的3D坡口,同时缩短管材尾料长度甚至零尾料。(According to the laser pipe cutting machine with the 3D groove cutting function and the control method, the spindle box and the front chuck are both arranged on the same pair of linear guide rails of the machine body of the main machine, so that the concentricity of the spindle box and the front chuck is convenient to keep and adjust, the spindle box and the front chuck are used for clamping a pipe, and the pipe, the spindle box and the front chuck synchronously rotate; the main shaft box clamping jaw clamps a pipe to move along the X-axis direction of the linear guide rail, the roller of the front chuck supports the pipe to enable the pipe to smoothly move along the X-axis under the support of the roller of the front chuck, meanwhile, the front chuck can also move along the X-axis and is used for avoiding a laser cutting head when cutting a 3D groove of the pipe, the 3-dimensional laser cutting head is arranged on a bottom plate of a Z-axis up-down mechanism, and the bottom plate of the Z-axis up-down mechanism and the 3-dimensional cutting head move up and down by controlling the movement of the Z-axis up-; the three-dimensional groove cutting machine can cut a 3D groove of a pipe by five-axis interpolation motion, and simultaneously shortens the length of the tail material of the pipe and even has zero tail material.)
1. The utility model provides a laser pipe cutting machine with 3D groove cutting function which characterized in that: the three-dimensional laser cutting machine comprises a main shaft box, a front chuck, a Z-axis up-down mechanism, a 3-dimensional laser cutting head and a front dust suction device, wherein the main shaft box and the front chuck are both arranged on the same pair of linear guide rails of a main machine body, so that the main shaft box and the front chuck are convenient to keep and adjust to be concentric, and the main shaft box and the front chuck are used for clamping a pipe, so that the pipe, the main shaft box and the front chuck; the tube is clamped by a clamping claw of the spindle box and moves along the X-axis direction of the linear guide rail, rollers of the front chuck support the tube, the tube can smoothly move along the X-axis under the support of the rollers of the front chuck, meanwhile, the front chuck can also move along the X-axis and is used for avoiding a laser cutting head when cutting a 3D groove of the tube, the 3-dimensional laser cutting head is arranged on a bottom plate of a Z-axis up-and-down mechanism, and the bottom plate of the Z-axis up-and-down mechanism and the 3-dimensional cutting head can move up and down by controlling the movement of the; the front dust suction device is fixed on the main machine body and is positioned on the side surface of the linear guide rail.
2. The laser pipe cutting machine with the 3D groove cutting function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Z-axis up-down mechanism consists of a band-type brake servo motor, a planetary reducer, a linear guide rail, a gear rack movement mechanism and a Z-axis bottom plate, wherein the band-type brake servo motor is directly connected with the planetary reducer; the gear rack is driven to move by a band-type brake servo motor controlling the Z-axis up-down mechanism, so that the up-down movement of the Z-axis up-down mechanism bottom plate and the 3-dimensional cutting head is realized.
3. The laser pipe cutting machine with the 3D groove cutting function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front dust collection device comprises a three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a mounting box, a rotating shaft, a dust collection pipe and a cylinder, wherein the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve and the rotating shaft are respectively fixed on the mounting box, the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the cylinder, the cylinder is connected with the rotating shaft, and the dust collection pipe is connected with the rotating shaft.
4. The control method of the laser pipe cutting machine with the 3D groove cutting function according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the laser cutting head is provided with a yaw axis (A) and can do +/-along the motion direction (X) of the pipe
when the length of the tailings is required to be shortened and even zero tailings are required to be cut, the front chuck moves forwards along the linear guide rail of the lathe body, and the 3-dimensional laser cutting head is arranged between the spindle box and the front chuck to cut, so that the cutting of the shortened tailings or the zero tailings is realized; when the front chuck moves forwards, the dust suction pipe of the front dust suction device rotates by 90 degrees under the driving of the air cylinder, so that the interference between the front chuck and the dust suction device is avoided.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser pipe cutting machine with a 3D groove cutting function and a control method, in particular to a laser pipe cutting machine which can cut a 3D groove of a pipe by five-axis interpolation motion and simultaneously shorten the length of a tail material of the pipe or even reduce the tail material of the pipe.
Background
The general 2D laser pipe cutting machine can be used for blanking, hole cutting and groove cutting of closed pipes. Because the laser cutting head in the equipment can not deflect, the laser cutting head can only be vertical to the surface of the pipe for cutting, and therefore, the sections of the blanking, the cut hole and the cut groove of the pipe are also vertical. At this time, when two or more parts with vertical sections are spliced together, a large gap is formed at the spliced position, and the requirements of partial production cannot be met. Meanwhile, when the 2D groove is blanked, the edge-sharing cutting cannot be carried out, so that materials are wasted, and the processing time is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser pipe cutting machine capable of being used for 3D groove cutting of a closed pipe and a control method, wherein a laser cutting head can make +/-45 deflection along the X-axis direction, so that the section of the pipe cutting can be not vertical to the surface of the pipe; the pipe parts with the section form are spliced, so that the gap is small; when the pipe is blanked, the co-edge cutting can be carried out, so that the material and the processing time are saved; meanwhile, in order to shorten the tailings, a laser cutting head can be arranged between the spindle box and the front chuck for cutting; the three-dimensional (3D) groove cutting device can cut a 3D groove of a pipe by five-axis interpolation motion, and simultaneously shorten the length of a tail material of the pipe and even ensure that the tail material is zero.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a laser pipe cutting machine with a 3D groove cutting function, which comprises a main shaft box, a front chuck, a Z-axis up-and-down mechanism, a 3-dimensional laser cutting head and a front dust suction device, wherein the main shaft box and the front chuck are both arranged on the same pair of linear guide rails of a main machine body, so that the main shaft box and the front chuck are convenient to keep and adjust to be concentric, and the main shaft box and the front chuck are used for clamping a pipe, so that the pipe, the main shaft box and the front chuck synchronously rotate; the tube is clamped by a clamping claw of the spindle box and moves along the X-axis direction of the linear guide rail, rollers of the front chuck support the tube, the tube can smoothly move along the X-axis under the support of the rollers of the front chuck, meanwhile, the front chuck can also move along the X-axis and is used for avoiding a laser cutting head when cutting a 3D groove of the tube, the 3-dimensional laser cutting head is arranged on a bottom plate of a Z-axis up-and-down mechanism, and the bottom plate of the Z-axis up-and-down mechanism and the 3-dimensional cutting head can move up and down by controlling the movement of the; the front dust suction device is fixed on the main machine body and is positioned on the side surface of the linear guide rail.
The Z-axis up-down mechanism consists of a band-type brake servo motor, a planetary reducer, a linear guide rail, a gear rack movement mechanism and a Z-axis bottom plate, wherein the band-type brake servo motor is directly connected with the planetary reducer; the gear rack is driven to move by a band-type brake servo motor controlling the Z-axis up-down mechanism, so that the up-down movement of the Z-axis up-down mechanism bottom plate and the 3-dimensional cutting head is realized.
The front dust collection device comprises a three-position five-way electromagnetic valve, a mounting box, a rotating shaft, a dust collection pipe and a cylinder, wherein the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve and the rotating shaft are respectively fixed on the mounting box, the three-position five-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the cylinder, the cylinder is connected with the rotating shaft, and the dust collection pipe is connected with the rotating shaft.
The invention discloses a control method of a laser pipe cutting machine with a 3D groove cutting function, which comprises the following steps:
the laser cutting head is provided with a deflection shaft (A) and can do the motion along the tube moving direction (X)
when the length of the tailings is required to be shortened and even zero tailings are required to be cut, the front chuck moves forwards along the linear guide rail of the lathe body, and the 3-dimensional laser cutting head is arranged between the spindle box and the front chuck to cut, so that the cutting of the shortened tailings or the zero tailings is realized; when the front chuck moves forwards, the dust suction pipe of the front dust suction device rotates by 90 degrees under the driving of the air cylinder, so that the interference between the front chuck and the dust suction device is avoided.
The 3D groove is obliquely cut, and the section of the groove has no vertical plane. The slide base is used for moving along the Y axis, and when the front chuck moves forwards, the slide base moves along the Y axis, so that the interference of the front chuck can be avoided; and the Z-axis up-down mechanism is arranged on the sliding seat.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the front chuck and the spindle box are mounted by the same pair of linear guide rails on the machine body of the main machine, and the concentricity of the front chuck and the spindle box is convenient to adjust; meanwhile, the front chuck and the spindle box can move along the X axis due to the requirement of a 3D cutting function; if the same pair of linear guide rails is adopted, the concentricity of the front chuck and the spindle box can be conveniently kept after the movement.
2. According to the invention, a numerical control system is adopted to control X, Y, Z, P, A five numerical control axes for interpolation, so that 3D groove cutting of the pipe is realized; compared with the traditional six-shaft pipe cutting machine for cutting the 3D groove, the mode has the advantages that one numerical control shaft is omitted; the method simplifies equipment, reduces cost and improves economic benefit.
3. The invention adopts the mode that the front chuck can move along the direction of the pipe (X axis); when the 3D groove of the pipe is cut, the cutting head can be used for avoiding a laser cutting head; when 2D blanking of the pipe is carried out, the distance between the front chuck and the laser cutting head can be shortened, so that the pipe cantilever is shorter, and the bounce is smaller when the chuck and the pipe rotate at high speed, so that the pipe can be cut stably with high precision; when for saving the tails, preceding chuck can move to the place ahead of tubular product for the cutting head of laser is located between preceding chuck and the headstock and cuts, can furthest shorten the tails even zero tails.
4. The invention discloses a dust collector, which is characterized in that an automatic rotating mechanism is arranged to avoid a front chuck in order to avoid interference with a front dust collector when the front chuck moves forwards. Namely, the dust suction pipe is driven by the cylinder to rotate 90 degrees, so that the dust suction port avoids the front chuck; the distance between the front dust suction port and the laser cutting head is short by the aid of the mechanism, and the dust suction effect is good.
5. The invention relates to a 3D laser cutting head. A set of large-drift-diameter torque motor driving device is arranged in the cutting head, and the direct-connected cutting head is operated along the direction of a pipeThe deflection rotation can be conveniently used as a laser light path for transmission; meanwhile, the laser cutting head is provided with a balance block, so that the torque motor can control the posture of the laser cutting head by using smaller current.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the headstock and front chuck mounting of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tube of the present invention at standard cut;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the cutting of a pipe while saving tailing;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the front suction device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a 3D laser cutting head of the present invention;
in the figure:
1, a main spindle box; 2-front chuck; 3, a sliding seat; 4-Z axis floor; 5-3D laser cutting head; 6-a balance block; 7-dust absorption pipe; 8-linear guide 9-cylinder; 10-a main machine body; 11-a gripper jaw; 12-a roller; 13-a rack; 14-three-position five-way electromagnetic valve; 15-mounting a box; 16-a rotating shaft; 17-a mirror; 18-a counterweight block; 19-an optical fiber; 20-torque motor; 21-a pipe; an X-X axis parallel to the ground axis; Y-Y axis, parallel to the ground axis direction; the Z-Z axis is vertical to the axis direction of the ground; P-P axis, axis of rotation; A-A axis, rotation axis.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the front chuck and the headstock of the present invention are installed; comprises a front chuck 2, a
Referring to fig. 2, the 3D groove function of the tube according to the present invention is realized. The three-dimensional laser cutting machine comprises a front chuck 2, a
Referring to fig. 3, the cutting mode of the pipe tailing is saved in the invention; the front chuck 2 can move to the front of the laser head, so that the
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the cutting mode for saving the pipe tailing is provided in the invention, when the front chuck 2 moves forward, the
Referring to fig. 5, the 3D laser cutting head of the present invention comprises a
A servo motor: the brands are moly italy (Motorpower);
a torque motor: the brand is ELEN, italy;
a numerical control system: brand name is ELEN group Smart manager, Italy;
planetary reducer: the brand is Germany alpha;
and (3) interpolation: a method for approximating the outline of the part by a small segment of straight line or circular arc; i.e. the graph to be cut is discretized into individual points, and the NC program then goes through these points, i.e. each point has a different pose representing the cut.
The numerical control system reads the NC code generated by the CAM to control X, Y, Z, P, A the movement of the five axes to the position indicated by the NC code, namely to interpolate the movement state of each point; x, Y and Z are all servo motors matched with a planetary reducer, and a gear rack moves linearly; the P axis is the gear reduction rotary motion of the servo motor matched with the planetary reducer; the A shaft is a torque motor which controls the cutting head to swing according to the built-in circular grating. X, Y axis is parallel to the ground, Z axis is perpendicular to the ground, P, A is the axis of rotation, see FIG. 2.
The band-type brake servo motor is directly connected with a planetary reducer, and a flange type precision gear is installed on the planetary reducer. The servo motor, the planetary reducer and the gear are integrally installed on the Y-axis sliding seat and fixed. The linear guide rail is installed on the Y-axis sliding seat and used for guiding the Z-axis baseplate. The Z-axis bottom plate is provided with a rack, and the rack and the gear are combined into a set of linear motion mechanism.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications which are obvious to the technical scheme of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
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