阅读说明：本技术 一种热轧钢板的激光切割工艺 (Laser cutting process of hot rolled steel plate ) 是由 程麟华 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及激光切割技术领域,尤其为一种热轧钢板的激光切割工艺,包括以下步骤：通过传送设备将待切割的热轧钢板输送到加工位置,然后用夹具将热轧钢板夹紧,根据待加工热轧钢板的厚度喷涂切削油准备切割,采用激光加工头对热轧钢板进行切割前,使切割参数对应板厚、并标记坐标；本发明提出的热轧钢板激光切割工艺,具有切割质量好,激光切割时割炬与工件无接触,不存在工具的磨损,加工不同形状的零件时,只需改变激光器的输出参数,且激光切割过程噪声低、振动小、无污染的优点,解决了目前热轧钢板切割后,切断面非常粗糙,钢板容易出现变形,严重影响了切割质量,导致热轧钢板加工精度较差的问题。(The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel plate, which comprises the following steps: conveying the hot rolled steel plate to be cut to a machining position through conveying equipment, clamping the hot rolled steel plate through a clamp, spraying cutting oil according to the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate to be machined to prepare for cutting, and enabling cutting parameters to correspond to the thickness of the plate and marking coordinates before the hot rolled steel plate is cut through a laser machining head; the laser cutting process for the hot rolled steel plate, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the cutting quality is good, the cutting torch is not in contact with a workpiece during laser cutting, no tool abrasion exists, only the output parameter of a laser is required to be changed when parts with different shapes are processed, the noise in the laser cutting process is low, the vibration is small, and no pollution is caused, and the problems that the cutting section is very rough after the current hot rolled steel plate is cut, the steel plate is easy to deform, the cutting quality is seriously influenced, and the processing precision of the hot rolled steel plate is poor are solved.)

1. The laser cutting process of the hot rolled steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1: conveying the hot rolled steel plate to be cut to a machining position through conveying equipment, clamping the hot rolled steel plate through a clamp, and spraying cutting oil according to the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate to be machined to prepare for cutting;

s2: before the laser processing head is adopted to cut the hot rolled steel plate, the cutting parameters correspond to the plate thickness and are marked with coordinates, so that the walking frame of the laser processing head is ensured to be within the range of the plate;

s3: cutting by adopting a laser processing head with a cutting nozzle, wherein a cutting path runs according to a design drawing, punching and cutting are carried out on the steel plate in a pulse punching mode, and air is assisted to be sprayed to the cut surface of the hot rolled steel plate to cool the steel plate during cutting;

s4: and after cutting, shutting down the machine and turning off a power switch, and periodically cleaning dust on the surface of the laser processing head to clean the machine tool waste.

2. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, if the thickness of the hot-rolled steel sheet is greater than 10mm, a layer of cutting oil is sprayed on the surface of the to-be-processed position of the hot-rolled steel sheet.

3. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, cutting is performed at intervals after the cutting oil is sprayed, and the interval is longer than 8 min.

4. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the cutting parameters include the focal position and the cutting torch height, and the focal position is detected by using a wedge-shaped acrylic block and the focal point is set at a predetermined position.

5. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the laser power during cutting is 1600-2400W, and the cutting nozzle is a convergent-divergent nozzle, namely a Laval nozzle.

6. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the cutting speed is determined by the thickness of the hot rolled steel sheet, and when the thickness is less than 2mm, the cutting speed is 10000mm/min, and when the thickness is 2mm to 6mm, the cutting speed is 7000 mm/min.

7. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, a three-dimensional laser cutting system or an industrial robot is used to cut a space curve, and a design drawing is made by three-dimensional cutting software.

8. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the pulse perforation uses a pulse laser with high peak power, and air or nitrogen is commonly used as an auxiliary gas to reduce hole expansion due to heat release oxidation, and the auxiliary gas is replaced with oxygen to perform cutting after the perforation is completed.

9. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the first high cutting pressure area is close to the nozzle outlet, the distance from the surface of the steel plate to the nozzle outlet is about 0.5-1.5 mm, and the second high cutting pressure area is 3-3.5 mm of the nozzle outlet.

10. The laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, an auxiliary gas nozzle is used to spray gas for cooling, the gas sprayed by the auxiliary gas nozzle is nitrogen, argon or oxygen, the gas pressure is 10P, and the gas pressure is maintained stable.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel plate.

Background

The laser cutting process melts and evaporates steel using energy released when a laser beam is irradiated to the surface of a steel sheet. The laser source generally uses a carbon dioxide laser beam, and the working power is 500-2500 watts. The laser beam is focused on a small area through a lens and a reflector, the energy is highly concentrated, and the part to be cut is rapidly and locally heated, so that the steel is evaporated. In addition, since energy is very concentrated, only a small amount of heat is transferred to other portions of the steel sheet, so the laser-processed steel sheet has an advantage of little or no deformation. However, when laser cutting a hot-rolled steel sheet, since high temperature is applied during rolling of the hot-rolled steel sheet itself, the entire internal structure is quenched, and when cutting, the cut surface is very rough, and the thickness of the hot-rolled steel sheet becomes thicker, which is more common, and affects the cutting quality.

After the existing hot rolled steel plate is cut, the cutting section is very rough, the steel plate is easy to deform, the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate is thicker, the condition is more common, the cutting quality is seriously influenced, and the machining precision of the hot rolled steel plate is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a laser cutting process of a hot-rolled steel plate, which has the advantages of good cutting quality, no contact between a cutting torch and a workpiece during laser cutting, no tool abrasion, only need to change the output parameter of a laser when parts with different shapes are processed, low noise, small vibration and no pollution in the laser cutting process, and solves the problems that the cutting surface is very rough after the current hot-rolled steel plate is cut, the steel plate is easy to deform, the cutting quality is seriously influenced, and the processing precision of the hot-rolled steel plate is poor.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel plate comprises the following steps:

s1: conveying the hot rolled steel plate to be cut to a machining position through conveying equipment, clamping the hot rolled steel plate through a clamp, and spraying cutting oil according to the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate to be machined to prepare for cutting;

s2: before the laser processing head is adopted to cut the hot rolled steel plate, the cutting parameters correspond to the plate thickness and are marked with coordinates, so that the walking frame of the laser processing head is ensured to be within the range of the plate;

s3: cutting by adopting a laser processing head with a cutting nozzle, wherein a cutting path runs according to a design drawing, punching and cutting are carried out on the steel plate in a pulse punching mode, and air is assisted to be sprayed to the cut surface of the hot rolled steel plate to cool the steel plate during cutting;

s4: and after cutting, shutting down the machine and turning off a power switch, and periodically cleaning dust on the surface of the laser processing head to clean the machine tool waste.

Preferably, in the step S1, if the thickness of the hot-rolled steel sheet is greater than 10mm, a layer of cutting oil is sprayed on the surface of the portion to be processed of the hot-rolled steel sheet.

Preferably, in step S1, cutting is performed at an interval of time after the cutting oil is sprayed, and the interval of time is greater than 8 min.

Preferably, in step S2, the cutting parameters include a focal point position and a torch height, and the focal point position is detected by using a wedge-shaped acrylic block and is set at a predetermined position.

Preferably, in step S3, the laser power during cutting is 1600-2400W, and the cutting nozzle is a convergent-divergent nozzle, i.e., a laval nozzle.

Preferably, in step S3, the cutting speed is determined by the thickness of the hot rolled steel sheet, and when the thickness is less than 2mm, the cutting speed is 10000mm/min, and when the thickness is 2mm to 6mm, the cutting speed is 7000 mm/min.

Preferably, in step S3, a three-dimensional laser cutting system or an industrial robot is used to cut the space curve, and a design drawing is made by using three-dimensional cutting software.

Preferably, in step S3, the pulsed perforation uses a pulsed laser with high peak power, and air or nitrogen is commonly used as an auxiliary gas to reduce hole expansion due to exothermic oxidation, and the auxiliary gas is replaced with oxygen to perform cutting after perforation is completed.

Preferably, in step S3, the first high cutting pressure zone is located immediately adjacent to the nozzle outlet, the distance from the surface of the steel sheet to the nozzle outlet is about 0.5-1.5 mm, and the second high cutting pressure zone is 3-3.5 mm from the nozzle outlet.

Preferably, in step S3, the auxiliary gas nozzle is used to inject gas for cooling, the gas injected by the auxiliary gas nozzle is nitrogen, argon or oxygen, the gas pressure is 10P, and the gas pressure is maintained stable.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the laser cutting process for the hot rolled steel plate, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the cutting quality is good, the cutting torch is not in contact with a workpiece during laser cutting, no tool abrasion exists, only the output parameter of a laser is required to be changed when parts with different shapes are processed, the noise in the laser cutting process is low, the vibration is small, and no pollution is caused, and the problems that the cutting section is very rough after the current hot rolled steel plate is cut, the steel plate is easy to deform, the cutting quality is seriously influenced, and the processing precision of the hot rolled steel plate is poor are solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a laser cutting process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

a laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel plate comprises the following steps:

s1: conveying the hot rolled steel plate to be cut to a processing position through conveying equipment, clamping the hot rolled steel plate by using a clamp, spraying cutting oil according to the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate to be processed for cutting, spraying a layer of cutting oil on the surface of the position to be processed of the hot rolled steel plate if the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate is greater than 10mm, coating oil on the surface of a workpiece in the processing process to obtain a good cutting effect, improving the cutting quality, cutting at intervals of a period of time after spraying the cutting oil, wherein the interval of time is greater than 8min, and enabling the cutting oil to be immersed into the hot rolled steel plate;

s2: before the laser processing head is used for cutting the hot rolled steel plate, cutting parameters correspond to the plate thickness and are marked with coordinates, the walking frame of the laser processing head is ensured to be within the range of the plate, the cutting parameters comprise a focal position and the height of a cutting torch, the focal position is detected by adopting a wedge-shaped propylene block and is positioned at a set position, the cutting position is accurately positioned, and the precision of laser cutting can be improved;

s3: the method comprises the steps of cutting by adopting a laser processing head with a cutting nozzle, operating a cutting path according to a design drawing, perforating and cutting a steel plate in a pulse perforating mode, cooling the steel plate by auxiliary air injection to the cut surface of the hot rolled steel plate during cutting, ensuring that a normal shock wave is not generated on the premise of improving the pressure of the nozzle by adopting a convergent-divergent nozzle, namely a Laval nozzle, ensuring that the cutting speed is determined by the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate, when the thickness of the steel plate is less than 2mm, the cutting speed is 10000mm/min, when the thickness of the steel plate is 2 mm-6 mm, the cutting speed is 7000mm/min, adopting a three-dimensional laser cutting system or configuring an industrial robot, cutting a space curve, manufacturing the design drawing by three-dimensional cutting software, adopting pulse laser with high peak power for pulse perforation, and using common air or nitrogen as auxiliary gas, the reduction makes the hole extension because of exothermic oxidation, it cuts to change into oxygen with supplementary gas after the perforation is accomplished, adopt, the pulse is perforated and is obtained the diameter in hole less, and the perforation quality is higher, first high cutting pressure district is close to the nozzle export, the distance of steel sheet surface to nozzle export is about 0.5mm, the high cutting pressure district of second is the 3.0mm of nozzle export, be favorable to protective lens, improve lens life, adopt supplementary air nozzle jet cooling, supplementary air nozzle spun gas is nitrogen gas, argon gas or oxygen, and gas pressure is 10P, and it is stable to maintain atmospheric pressure. The hot rolled steel sheet can be rapidly cooled;

s4: and after cutting, shutting down the machine and turning off a power switch, and periodically cleaning dust on the surface of the laser processing head to clean the machine tool waste.

Example two:

a laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel plate comprises the following steps:

s1: conveying the hot rolled steel plate to be cut to a processing position through conveying equipment, clamping the hot rolled steel plate by using a clamp, spraying cutting oil according to the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate to be processed for cutting, spraying a layer of cutting oil on the surface of the position to be processed of the hot rolled steel plate if the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate is greater than 10mm, coating oil on the surface of a workpiece in the processing process to obtain a good cutting effect, improving the cutting quality, cutting at intervals of a period of time after spraying the cutting oil, wherein the interval of time is greater than 8min, and enabling the cutting oil to be immersed into the hot rolled steel plate;

s2: before the laser processing head is used for cutting the hot rolled steel plate, cutting parameters correspond to the plate thickness and are marked with coordinates, the walking frame of the laser processing head is ensured to be within the range of the plate, the cutting parameters comprise a focal position and the height of a cutting torch, the focal position is detected by adopting a wedge-shaped propylene block and is positioned at a set position, the cutting position is accurately positioned, and the precision of laser cutting can be improved;

s3: the method comprises the steps of cutting by adopting a laser processing head with a cutting nozzle, operating a cutting path according to a design drawing, perforating and cutting a steel plate in a pulse perforating mode, cooling the steel plate by auxiliary air injection to the cut surface of the hot rolled steel plate during cutting, ensuring that a normal shock wave is not generated on the premise of improving the pressure of the nozzle by adopting a convergent-divergent nozzle, namely a Laval nozzle, ensuring that the cutting speed is determined by the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate, when the thickness of the steel plate is less than 2mm, the cutting speed is 10000mm/min, when the thickness of the steel plate is 2 mm-6 mm, the cutting speed is 7000mm/min, adopting a three-dimensional laser cutting system or configuring an industrial robot, cutting a space curve, manufacturing the design drawing by three-dimensional cutting software, adopting pulse laser with high peak power for pulse perforation, and using common air or nitrogen as auxiliary gas, the reduction makes the hole extension because of exothermic oxidation, it cuts to change into oxygen with supplementary gas after the perforation is accomplished, adopt, the pulse is perforated and is obtained the diameter in hole less, and the perforation quality is higher, first high cutting pressure district is close to the nozzle export, the distance of steel sheet surface to nozzle export is about 1.0mm, the high cutting pressure district of second is the 3.25mm of nozzle export, be favorable to protective lens, improve lens life, adopt supplementary air nozzle jet cooling, supplementary air nozzle spun gas is nitrogen gas, argon gas or oxygen, and gas pressure is 10P, and it is stable to maintain atmospheric pressure. The hot rolled steel sheet can be rapidly cooled;

s4: and after cutting, shutting down the machine and turning off a power switch, and periodically cleaning dust on the surface of the laser processing head to clean the machine tool waste.

Example three:

a laser cutting process of a hot rolled steel plate comprises the following steps:

s1: conveying the hot rolled steel plate to be cut to a processing position through conveying equipment, clamping the hot rolled steel plate by using a clamp, spraying cutting oil according to the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate to be processed for cutting, spraying a layer of cutting oil on the surface of the position to be processed of the hot rolled steel plate if the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate is greater than 10mm, coating oil on the surface of a workpiece in the processing process to obtain a good cutting effect, improving the cutting quality, cutting at intervals of a period of time after spraying the cutting oil, wherein the interval of time is greater than 8min, and enabling the cutting oil to be immersed into the hot rolled steel plate;

s2: before the laser processing head is used for cutting the hot rolled steel plate, cutting parameters correspond to the plate thickness and are marked with coordinates, the walking frame of the laser processing head is ensured to be within the range of the plate, the cutting parameters comprise a focal position and the height of a cutting torch, the focal position is detected by adopting a wedge-shaped propylene block and is positioned at a set position, the cutting position is accurately positioned, and the precision of laser cutting can be improved;

s3: the method comprises the steps of cutting by adopting a laser processing head with a cutting nozzle, operating a cutting path according to a design drawing, perforating and cutting a steel plate in a pulse perforating mode, cooling the steel plate by auxiliary air injection to the cut surface of the hot rolled steel plate during cutting, ensuring that a normal shock wave is not generated on the premise of improving the pressure of the nozzle by adopting a convergent-divergent nozzle, namely a Laval nozzle, ensuring that the cutting speed is determined by the thickness of the hot rolled steel plate, when the thickness of the steel plate is less than 2mm, the cutting speed is 10000mm/min, when the thickness of the steel plate is 2 mm-6 mm, the cutting speed is 7000mm/min, adopting a three-dimensional laser cutting system or configuring an industrial robot, cutting a space curve, manufacturing the design drawing by three-dimensional cutting software, adopting pulse laser with high peak power for pulse perforation, and using common air or nitrogen as auxiliary gas, the reduction makes the hole extension because of exothermic oxidation, it cuts to change into oxygen with supplementary gas after the perforation is accomplished, adopt, the pulse is perforated and is obtained the diameter in hole less, and the perforation quality is higher, first high cutting pressure district is close to the nozzle export, the distance of steel sheet surface to nozzle export is about 1.5mm, the high cutting pressure district of second is the 3.5mm of nozzle export, be favorable to protective lens, improve lens life, adopt supplementary air nozzle jet cooling, supplementary air nozzle spun gas is nitrogen gas, argon gas or oxygen, and gas pressure is 10P, and it is stable to maintain atmospheric pressure. The hot rolled steel sheet can be rapidly cooled;

s4: and after cutting, shutting down the machine and turning off a power switch, and periodically cleaning dust on the surface of the laser processing head to clean the machine tool waste.

The laser cutting process for the hot rolled steel plate, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the cutting quality is good, the cutting torch is not in contact with a workpiece during laser cutting, no tool abrasion exists, only the output parameter of a laser is required to be changed when parts with different shapes are processed, the noise in the laser cutting process is low, the vibration is small, and no pollution is caused, and the problems that the cutting section is very rough after the current hot rolled steel plate is cut, the steel plate is easy to deform, the cutting quality is seriously influenced, and the processing precision of the hot rolled steel plate is poor are solved.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.