阅读说明：本技术 一种中小型多适应的四驱挖掘机 (Four-wheel drive excavator with small and medium-sized multiple adaptability ) 是由 张磊 于 2021-04-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了四驱挖掘机驱动技术领域的一种中小型多适应的四驱挖掘机,包括四驱系统、切换系统、履带系统和动力传递系统,四驱系统包括两组整体式驱动轴,整体式驱动轴的外壁固定安装有整体式电机,整体式驱动轴的两端分别固定安装有驱动轮,其特征在于：履带系统对称设置有两组,履带系统包括分别安装在前后两侧的履带轮、上轮、下轮和履带,履带套设在两组履带轮、上轮和下轮的外壁上,本发明能够实现对于路面强度比较差的路面,增加单独的履带模式驱动,增加受力面积,提高通过率,对于路面强度比较高的路面,提供四轮模式行驶,提高行驶速度,模式切换全程自动,操作简单,结构紧凑,具有良好的市场前景。(The invention discloses a small and medium-sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator in the technical field of four-wheel drive excavator driving, which comprises a four-wheel drive system, a switching system, a crawler system and a power transmission system, wherein the four-wheel drive system comprises two groups of integrated driving shafts, an integrated motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of each integrated driving shaft, and driving wheels are respectively and fixedly installed at two ends of each integrated driving shaft, and the small and medium-sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator is characterized in that: the crawler system comprises two groups of crawler wheels, upper wheels, lower wheels and a crawler belt which are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side, and the crawler belt is sleeved on the outer walls of the two groups of crawler wheels, the upper wheels and the lower wheels.)

1. The utility model provides a four-wheel drive excavator of many adaptations of small-size and small-size, includes four-wheel drive system, switched systems, track system and power transmission system, four-wheel drive system includes two sets of integral drive shaft (3), the outer wall fixed mounting of integral drive shaft (3) has integral motor (4), the both ends of integral drive shaft (3) fixed mounting respectively have drive wheel (1), its characterized in that: the crawler system is symmetrically provided with two groups, the crawler system comprises crawler wheels (7), upper wheels (10), lower wheels (9) and a crawler belt (8) which are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side, the crawler belt (8) is sleeved on the outer walls of the two groups of crawler wheels (7), the upper wheels (10) and the lower wheels (9), the switching system comprises an installation bottom plate (2), a fixing frame and a switching frame (13), the top of the installation bottom plate (2) is fixedly provided with a driving pump (5) and two groups of motors (6), the output end of the motor (6) is fixedly provided with a main shaft (32), the outer wall of the main shaft (32) is provided with a sliding groove (33), the outer wall of the main shaft (32) is sleeved with a sliding wheel (35), the inner cavity of the sliding groove (33) is in sliding fit with a sliding strip, and two ends of the sliding strip are respectively and fixedly connected with the sliding wheel (35), a plurality of groups of first springs (34) are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the sliding strip, the other end of each first spring (34) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the main shaft (32), an electromagnet is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the main shaft (32) and is in magnetic fit with the sliding strip, a movable wheel (36) is in sliding fit with the outer wall of the sliding wheel (35), an inner cavity is arranged on the movable wheel (36), a second spring (37) is arranged in the inner cavity, two ends of the second spring (37) are respectively fixedly connected with the end wall of the sliding wheel (35) and the inner cavity of the movable wheel (36), external teeth are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the movable wheel (36), an upper wheel shaft is in rotating fit with the inner cavity of the upper wheel (10), a lower wheel shaft is in rotating fit with the inner cavity of the lower wheel (9), a first L-shaped plate (26) is fixedly arranged at one end of the upper wheel shaft, a second L-shaped plate (27) is fixedly arranged at one end of the lower wheel shaft, the inner wall of a L template (26) and a second L template (27) is uniformly provided with a first rack (31), the fixing frame comprises a fixed chute (30) and a fixed frame (39), the fixed chute (30) and the fixed frame (39) are fixedly connected, a second rack (29) is uniformly arranged on one side of the inner wall of the fixed chute (30), the outer teeth of the outer wall of the movable wheel (36) are respectively meshed with the first rack (31) and the second rack (29), the two ends of the integral driving shaft (3) are respectively sleeved with a switching frame (13), the switching frame (13) is in running fit with the integral driving shaft (3) through a bearing (18), the outer wall of the switching frame (13) at the two ends of the integral driving shaft (3) is sleeved with a ring box (14), the ring box (14) is fixedly connected with a vehicle body, a first push plate (16) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the ring box (14), the outer wall of the switching frame (13) is fixedly provided with a second push plate (15), the outer wall of the ring box (14) is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting hole is located between the first push plate (16) and the second push plate (15), the connecting hole is connected with a hydraulic hose (12), the other end of the hydraulic hose (12) converges to a hydraulic main pipe (11) and then is connected with a driving pump (5), the other end of the switching frame (13) is rotatably matched with a crawler wheel shaft (23), and the outer wall of the crawler wheel shaft (23) is fixedly connected with a crawler wheel (7).

2. The small and medium sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: power transmission system includes drive belt (24) and take-up unit, take-up unit is including offering side groove (19) at switching frame (13) outer wall, side groove (19) inner chamber bottom fixed mounting has No. two electro-magnets (21), the top fixed mounting of No. two electro-magnets (21) has No. three spring (22), the other end fixedly connected with elevator (20) of No. three spring (22), the outer wall normal running fit of elevator (20) has roller (25), roller (25) and drive belt (24) cooperation.

3. The small and medium sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a sealing gasket (17) is arranged in the inner cavity of one end of the first push plate (16) and the second push plate (15).

4. The small and medium sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main shaft (32) is located in an inner cavity of the fixed sliding groove (30), the side walls of the first L-shaped plate (26) and the second L-shaped plate (27) are provided with a long groove (28), and the fixed frame (39) penetrates through the long groove (28) and is in sliding fit with the long groove (28).

5. The small and medium sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second spring (37) is at least provided with six groups.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of four-wheel drive excavator driving, in particular to a small and medium-sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator.

Background

The excavator becomes the king of engineering machinery, and is widely applied to various occasions including various severe working conditions, such as a quarry and the like.

The excavator needs to pass through different road conditions, a crawler belt needs to be used for a road with poor road strength, the stressed area is increased, the passing rate is improved, four-wheel driving is needed for a road with high road strength, and the driving speed is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a small and medium-sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator, which aims to solve the problems that in the background art, the excavator needs to pass through different road conditions, a crawler belt needs to be used for a road with poor road strength, the stressed area is increased, the passing rate is improved, and four-wheel driving is needed for a road with high road strength, so that the driving speed is improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a middle-size and small-size multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator comprises a four-wheel drive system, a switching system, a crawler system and a power transmission system, wherein the four-wheel drive system comprises two groups of integrated drive shafts, the outer walls of the integrated drive shafts are fixedly provided with integrated motors, two ends of each integrated drive shaft are respectively and fixedly provided with a drive wheel, the crawler system comprises crawler wheels, an upper wheel, a lower wheel and a crawler belt, the crawler belts are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the crawler belt systems, the crawler belts are sleeved on the outer walls of the two groups of crawler wheels, the upper wheels and the lower wheels, the switching system comprises an installation bottom plate, a fixed frame and a switching frame, the top of the installation bottom plate is fixedly provided with a drive pump and two groups of motors, the output end of the motor is fixedly provided with a main shaft, the outer wall of the main shaft is provided with a sliding groove, and the outer wall of the main shaft is sleeved with a sliding wheel, the inner cavity of the sliding groove is matched with a sliding strip in a sliding way, two ends of the sliding strip are respectively fixedly connected with a sliding wheel, a plurality of groups of springs I are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the sliding strip, the other ends of the springs I are fixedly connected with the inner wall of a main shaft, an electromagnet is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the main shaft and is in magnetic fit with the sliding strip, a movable wheel is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding wheel in a sliding way and is provided with an inner cavity, a spring II is arranged in the inner cavity, two ends of the spring II are respectively fixedly connected with the end wall of the sliding wheel and the inner cavity of the movable wheel, outer teeth are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the movable wheel, an upper wheel shaft is rotationally matched with the inner cavity of the upper wheel, a lower wheel shaft is rotationally matched with the inner cavity of the lower wheel, a first L-shaped plate is fixedly arranged at one end of the upper wheel shaft, and a second L-shaped plate is fixedly arranged at one end of the lower wheel shaft, the inner walls of the first L-shaped plate and the second L-shaped plate are uniformly provided with a first rack, the fixing frame comprises a fixing chute and a fixing frame, the fixing chute is fixedly connected with the fixing frame, one side of the inner wall of the fixing chute is uniformly provided with a second rack, the outer teeth of the outer wall of the movable wheel are respectively meshed with the first rack and the second rack, the two ends of the integral driving shaft are respectively sleeved with a switching frame, the switching frame is rotationally matched with the integral driving shaft through a bearing, the outer wall of the switching frame at the two ends of the integral driving shaft is sleeved with a ring box, the ring box is fixedly connected with the vehicle body, the inner wall of the ring box is fixedly provided with a first push plate, the outer wall of the switching frame is fixedly provided with a second push plate, the outer wall of the ring box is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting hole is positioned between the first push plate and the second push plate, and the connecting hole is connected with a hydraulic hose, the other end of the hydraulic hose converges to the hydraulic main pipe and then is connected with a driving pump, the other end of the switching frame is in running fit with a crawler wheel shaft, and the outer wall of the crawler wheel shaft is fixedly connected with the crawler wheel.

Preferably, power transmission system includes drive belt and straining device, the straining device is including seting up the side groove at switching frame outer wall, side groove inner chamber bottom fixed mounting has the electro-magnet No. two, the top fixed mounting of No. two electro-magnets has No. three springs, the other end fixedly connected with elevator of No. three springs, the outer wall normal running fit of elevator has the roller, roller and drive belt cooperation.

Preferably, the inner cavities of one ends of the first push plate and the second push plate are provided with sealing gaskets.

Preferably, the main shaft is located the inner chamber of fixed spout, rectangular groove has been seted up to the lateral wall of a L template and No. two L templates, fixed frame run through rectangular groove and with rectangular groove sliding fit.

Preferably, the second spring is provided with at least six groups.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the four-wheel drive system is arranged, so that the device can conveniently run on a road surface with higher strength of the road surface, the running speed is improved by four-wheel running, the integral motor drives the driving shaft to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the four groups of driving wheels to run, so that the device can run at high speed when the crawler system does not work; through the setting of a switching system, a driving pump is started to pump oil for an inner cavity of a ring box, oil is pumped between a second push plate and a first push plate, the second push plate is pushed to drive a switching frame to rotate by taking a driving shaft as a circle center, a crawler wheel shaft can fall down to drive a crawler wheel to fall down, the crawler wheel and the bottom of a driving wheel are positioned on a plane, meanwhile, an electromagnet is turned off, a sliding wheel moves rightwards under the action of a first spring, through the setting of a second spring, the movable wheel can move softly rightwards and is meshed with a second rack, the gear beating phenomenon cannot occur, a first motor is started to drive the movable wheel to rotate, through the meshing of the movable wheel and the second rack, a first L-shaped plate and a second L-shaped plate are driven to move backwards, an upper wheel and a lower wheel are opened, the lower wheel and two sets of crawler wheels can form a plane, and a crawler belt can form a plane, meanwhile, the track is tensioned by the rising of the upper wheel, the power is transmitted to the track wheel by the arrangement of the power transmission system, the second electromagnet is enabled to adsorb the lifting block to overcome the action of a third spring by starting the second electromagnet, so that the roller presses the transmission belt, the driving shaft can drive the track wheel shaft to rotate, the power is transmitted to the track wheel, the stress area is increased and the passing rate is improved aiming at the road surface with poor road surface strength by the arrangement of the track system, when the four-wheel-drive mode is switched back, the second electromagnet is closed to enable the transmission belt to be loosened, the first motor is started to rotate reversely, two groups of upper wheels and lower wheels are closed, the driving pump works reversely, negative pressure is generated in the ring box to enable the switching frame to drive the track wheel to lift, the sliding wheel is enabled to move leftwards by starting the electromagnet, the movable wheel is enabled to be separated from the second rack and meshed with the first rack, the invention can increase the independent crawler belt mode drive for the road surface with poor road surface strength, increase the stress area, improve the passing rate, provide four-wheel mode running for the road surface with high road surface strength, improve the running speed, automatically switch the mode in the whole process, has simple operation and compact structure, and has good market prospect.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a main viewing angle structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the corner structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 4 according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first L-shaped plate and a second L-shaped plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spindle of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the switching frame according to the present invention.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1-driving wheel, 2-mounting bottom plate, 3-driving shaft, 4-integral motor, 5-driving pump, 6-first motor, 7-track wheel, 8-track, 9-lower wheel, 10-upper wheel, 11-hydraulic manifold, 12-hydraulic hose, 13-switching frame, 14-ring box, 15-second push plate, 16-first push plate, 17-sealing gasket, 18-bearing, 19-side groove, 20-lifting block, 21-second electromagnet, 22-third spring, 23-track wheel shaft, 24-driving belt, 25-roller, 26-first L-shaped plate, 27-second L-shaped plate, 28-long groove, 29-second rack, 30-fixed sliding groove, 31-first rack, 32-main shaft, 33-sliding groove, 34-first spring, 35-sliding wheel, 36-movable wheel, 37-second spring and 39-fixed frame.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-8, the present invention provides a technical solution: a small and medium-sized multi-adaptive four-wheel drive excavator comprises a four-wheel drive system, a switching system, a crawler system and a power transmission system, wherein the four-wheel drive system comprises two groups of integral driving shafts 3, integral motors 4 are fixedly installed on the outer walls of the integral driving shafts 3, driving wheels 1 are respectively and fixedly installed at two ends of each integral driving shaft 3, the crawler systems are symmetrically provided with two groups, each crawler system comprises crawler wheels 7, upper wheels 10, lower wheels 9 and crawler belts 8 which are respectively installed at the front side and the rear side, each crawler belt 8 is sleeved on the outer walls of the two groups of crawler wheels 7, the upper wheels 10 and the lower wheels 9, the switching system comprises an installation bottom plate 2, a fixed frame and a switching frame 13, a driving pump 5 and two groups of motors 6 which are fixedly installed at the top of the installation bottom plate 2, a main shaft 32 is fixedly installed at the output end of the motor 6, a sliding groove 33 is formed in the outer wall of the main shaft 32, and a sliding wheel 35 is sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft 32, the inner cavity of the sliding groove 33 is matched with a sliding strip in a sliding way, two ends of the sliding strip are respectively fixedly connected with a sliding wheel 35, a plurality of groups of first springs 34 are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the sliding strip, the other ends of the first springs 34 are fixedly connected with the inner wall of a main shaft 32, an electromagnet is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the main shaft 32 and is in magnetic fit with the sliding strip, a movable wheel 36 is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding wheel 35 in a sliding way, the movable wheel 36 is provided with an inner cavity, a second spring 37 is arranged in the inner cavity, two ends of the second spring 37 are respectively fixedly connected with the end wall of the sliding wheel 35 and the inner cavity of the movable wheel 36, outer teeth are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the movable wheel 36, an upper wheel shaft is rotatably matched with the inner cavity of the upper wheel 10, a lower wheel shaft is rotatably matched with the inner cavity of the lower wheel 9, a first L-shaped plate 26 is fixedly arranged at one end of the upper wheel shaft, a second L-shaped plate 27 is fixedly arranged at one end of the lower wheel shaft, first-shaped plate 31 is uniformly arranged on the inner walls of the first L-shaped plate 26 and the second L-shaped plate 27, the fixed frame comprises a fixed sliding chute 30 and a fixed frame 39, the fixed sliding chute 30 is fixedly connected with the fixed frame 39, one side of the inner wall of the fixed sliding chute 30 is uniformly provided with a second rack 29, the outer teeth of the outer wall of a movable wheel 36 are respectively meshed with the first rack 31 and the second rack 29, two ends of an integrated driving shaft 3 are respectively sleeved with a switching frame 13, the switching frame 13 is in rotating fit with the integrated driving shaft 3 through a bearing 18, the outer wall of the switching frame 13 at two ends of the integrated driving shaft 3 is sleeved with a ring box 14, the ring box 14 is fixedly connected with a vehicle body, the inner wall of the ring box 14 is fixedly provided with a first push plate 16, the outer wall of the switching frame 13 is fixedly provided with a second push plate 15, the outer wall of the ring box 14 is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting hole is positioned between the first push plate 16 and the second push plate 15, the connecting hole is connected with a hydraulic hose 12, the other end of the hydraulic hose 12 is converged to a hydraulic main pipe 11 and then connected with a driving pump 5, the other end of the switching frame 13 is rotatably matched with a crawler wheel shaft 23, and the outer wall of the crawler wheel shaft 23 is fixedly connected with the crawler wheel 7.

Wherein, power transmission system includes drive belt 24 and straining device, straining device is including seting up the side channel 19 at switching frame 13 outer wall, 19 inner chamber bottom fixed mounting in side channel has No. two electro-magnets 21, No. two top fixed mounting of electro-magnets 21 has No. three springs 22, No. three other end fixedly connected with elevator 20 of spring 22, elevator 20's outer wall normal running fit has roller 25, roller 25 and drive belt 24 cooperation, sealed pad 17 is installed to the one end inner chamber of a push pedal 16 and No. two push pedals 15, main shaft 32 is located the inner chamber of fixed spout 30, rectangular groove 28 has been seted up to the lateral wall of an L template 26 and No. two L templates 27, fixed frame 39 runs through rectangular groove 28 and with rectangular groove 28 sliding fit, No. two springs 37 are provided with six groups at least.

One specific application of this embodiment is: according to the four-wheel drive device, the four-wheel drive system is arranged, so that the device can conveniently run on a road surface with higher strength of the road surface, the running speed is improved by four-wheel running, the integral motor 4 drives the driving shaft 3 to rotate, and the driving shaft 3 drives the four groups of driving wheels 1 to run, so that the device can run at high speed when the crawler system does not work; through the arrangement of a switching system, the driving pump 5 is started to pump oil for the inner cavity of the ring box 14, the second push plate 15 is pushed to drive the switching frame 13 to rotate around the driving shaft 3 by pumping oil between the second push plate 15 and the first push plate 16, the crawler wheel shaft 23 can fall down to drive the crawler wheel 7 to fall down, the crawler wheel 7 and the bottom of the driving wheel 1 are positioned on the same plane, meanwhile, the sliding wheel 35 can move rightwards under the action of the first spring 34 by closing the electromagnet, the movable wheel 36 can move softly and is meshed with the second rack 29 by the arrangement of the second spring 37, the tooth beating phenomenon can not occur, the first motor 6 is started to drive the movable wheel 36 to rotate, the first L-shaped plate 26 and the second L-shaped plate 27 are driven to move backwards through the meshing of the movable wheel 36 and the second rack 29, and the upper wheel 10 and the lower wheel 9 are opened, the lower wheel 9 and the two groups of crawler wheels 7 can form a plane, the crawler 8 can form a plane, meanwhile, the crawler 8 is tensioned by the rising of the upper wheel 10, power is transmitted to the crawler wheels 7 by the arrangement of a power transmission system, the second electromagnet 21 is started to adsorb the lifting block 20 and overcome the work of a third spring 22, the roller 25 compresses the transmission belt 24, the driving shaft 3 can drive the crawler wheel shaft 23 to rotate, the power is transmitted to the crawler wheels 7, the arrangement of the crawler system enables the device to increase the stress area aiming at the road surface with poor road surface strength and improve the passing rate, when the four-wheel-drive mode is switched back, the second electromagnet 21 is closed to enable the transmission belt 24 to be loosened, the first motor 6 is started to reversely rotate, the two groups of upper wheels 10 and the lower wheels 9 are closed, the driving pump 5 reversely works to generate negative pressure in the ring box 14, the invention can increase the single crawler belt mode driving, increase the stress area and improve the passing rate for the pavement with poor pavement strength, provide four-wheel mode driving and improve the driving speed for the pavement with high pavement strength, and has the advantages of automatic mode switching whole course, simple operation, compact structure and favorable market prospect.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.