阅读说明：本技术 一种水下双层吸声板及水声收发降噪结构 (Underwater double-layer sound absorption plate and underwater sound receiving and transmitting noise reduction structure ) 是由 冷长丽 朱振涛 常仁杰 于 2021-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种水下双层吸声板及水声收发降噪结构,涉及声纳系统技术领域,旨在解决水声收发设备受到噪声影响的问题,包括由支撑架和两块支撑板组成的具有容置空间的本体和若干吸声柱,所述吸声柱固定于所述容置空间内,并与两侧的支撑块相抵；所述吸声柱为减震吸声橡胶,所述减震吸声橡胶包括橡胶基材以及混杂于橡胶基材内的胶囊颗粒,所述胶囊颗粒包括囊状的包覆层,所述包覆层内填充发泡橡胶,所述包覆层为的外周粘结若干玻璃纤维短纤维。本发明用于吸收水下噪声的吸声结构通过与金属外壳固定,本体结构的内部空腔填充空气,可以依据敷设结构的表面线型,制成匹配的薄面双层吸声板,有效提升整个设备的吸声效果。(The invention discloses an underwater double-layer sound absorption plate and an underwater sound receiving and transmitting noise reduction structure, which relate to the technical field of sonar systems and aim to solve the problem that underwater sound receiving and transmitting equipment is influenced by noise, and the underwater sound receiving and transmitting equipment comprises a body and a plurality of sound absorption columns, wherein the body consists of a support frame and two support plates and is provided with an accommodating space, and the sound absorption columns are fixed in the accommodating space and abut against support blocks on two sides; the sound absorption column is shock attenuation sound absorption rubber, shock attenuation sound absorption rubber includes rubber substrate and mixes the capsule granule in rubber substrate, the capsule granule is including saccular coating, the packing foam rubber in the coating, the periphery that the coating is bonds a plurality of glass fiber short-staple. The sound absorption structure for absorbing underwater noise is fixed with the metal shell, and the inner cavity of the body structure is filled with air, so that the matched thin-surface double-layer sound absorption plate can be manufactured according to the surface line type of the laying structure, and the sound absorption effect of the whole equipment is effectively improved.)

1. An underwater double-layer sound absorption plate is characterized by comprising a body with an accommodating space and a plurality of sound absorption columns (3), wherein the body is composed of a support frame (2) and two support plates (1), and the sound absorption columns (3) are fixed in the accommodating space and abut against support blocks on two sides; the sound absorption column (3) is shock absorption and sound absorption rubber, the shock absorption and sound absorption rubber comprises a rubber base material and capsule particles mixed in the rubber base material, the capsule particles comprise a capsule-shaped coating layer, foaming rubber is filled in the coating layer, and a plurality of glass fiber short fibers are bonded at the periphery of the coating layer.

2. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two end faces of the sound absorption column (3) are respectively glued to the two supporting plates (1), the sound absorption column (3) is cylindrical or table-shaped, and the upper bottom face and the lower bottom face of the sound absorption column (3) are respectively fixed to the supporting plates (1) on the two sides in a staggered arrangement mode.

3. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the support frame (2) is fixedly connected with the two support plates (1) in a watertight manner, the accommodating space is sealed and filled with gas, and the support frame (2) is fixed with the two support plates (1) in a welded manner.

4. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rubber base material comprises, by mass, 70-80 parts of methyl siloxane, 8-12 parts of phenyl siloxane, 1.1-2.5 parts of a catalyst, 0.1-0.5 part of an end-capping agent, 0.1-0.2 part of a crosslinking agent and 4-5 parts of mineral fibers.

5. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the catalyst comprises 45-50 parts by mass of methyl siloxane and 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of ammonia water; the methyl siloxane is one or more of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

6. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the preparation process of the catalyst, firstly, 45-50 parts of methyl siloxane and 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonia water are mixed and heated to 65-85 ℃; then nitrogen is introduced into the mixture and maintained for 4-5 hours to prepare the catalyst.

7. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the capsule particles is 1-3 mm; the total volume of the capsule particles is 1/8-1/5 of the rubber substrate.

8. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting frame (2) is of an annular frame structure, the two supporting plates (1) are located on two sides of the supporting frame (2), two sides of the annular supporting frame (2) are sealed to form the containing space, the sound absorption column (3) is made of rubber materials with a sound absorption function, and the body is planar, curved or cylindrical.

9. The underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel as recited in claim 8, wherein: support frame (2) and two backup pads (1) pass through threaded fastener fixed connection, support frame (2) edge extends and forms solid connecting block (4), threaded fastener passes through-hole (5) on connecting block (4) and backup pad (1) are fixed support frame (2) and two backup pads (1).

10. An underwater acoustic transceiving noise reduction structure of underwater equipment, comprising a plurality of underwater double-layer sound absorption plates according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the underwater double-layer sound absorption plates are covered on the surface of the underwater equipment and/or a hydrophone array.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sonar systems, in particular to an underwater double-layer sound absorption plate and an underwater sound transceiving noise reduction structure of underwater equipment.

Background

Currently, underwater vehicles and the like generally need to install underwater acoustic transceiver on the outer surface of a structure, and the underwater acoustic transceiver has a plurality of problems in installation and use. Firstly, in order to enhance the underwater pressure resistance of an underwater vehicle and the like, the shell of an underwater structure is generally a metal shell with a complex structure, and when the underwater acoustic transceiver is arranged on the surface of the metal shell, sound waves are scattered on the surface of the metal shell, so that the underwater acoustic transceiver is greatly influenced; secondly, in order to ensure a streamline structure of the underwater structure shell, the underwater sound transceiver needs to be in a thin-surface structure as much as possible and is close to the shell of the underwater structure as much as possible, so that the influence of scattering on the surface of the shell on the underwater sound transceiver is aggravated; finally, mechanical noise inside the underwater structural shell reaches the underwater acoustic transceiver device through the shell, and the underwater acoustic transceiver device is also greatly affected.

The underwater transceiver is used as a common underwater module, and the structure and the size of the underwater transceiver have higher requirements. When the thin-surface structure is installed underwater, the integral line type of the installation structure is not damaged, and the turbulence on the surface of the installation structure is not increased. The thickness of the traditional sound absorption material or sound insulation material needs to be designed according to the used working frequency, the traditional sound absorption material or sound insulation material is difficult to realize lightness and thinness at low frequency, and the common sound absorption material is not resistant to underwater and cannot be used in deeper underwater, so that a thin-surface sound absorption structure which is medium-low frequency band and pressure-resistant is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides an underwater double-layer sound absorption plate, which can effectively reduce the noise of medium and low frequency bands, improve the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of underwater transceiving equipment and the working stability of a system, has better pressure resistance and has wider underwater application range.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an underwater double-layer sound absorption plate comprises a body and a plurality of sound absorption columns, wherein the body is composed of a support frame and two support plates and is provided with an accommodating space, and the sound absorption columns are fixed in the accommodating space and abut against support blocks on two sides; the sound absorption column is shock attenuation sound absorption rubber, shock attenuation sound absorption rubber includes rubber substrate and mixes the capsule granule in rubber substrate, the capsule granule is including saccular coating, the packing foam rubber in the coating, the periphery that the coating is bonds a plurality of glass fiber short-staple.

The invention is further configured to: the two end faces of the sound absorption column are respectively glued to the two supporting plates, the sound absorption column is cylindrical or table-shaped, and the upper bottom face and the lower bottom face of the sound absorption column are respectively fixed on the supporting plates on the two sides in a staggered arrangement mode.

The invention is further configured to: the support frame is fixedly connected with the two support plates in a watertight manner, the accommodating space is sealed and filled with gas, and the support frame is fixedly welded with the two support plates.

The invention is further configured to: the rubber base material comprises, by mass, 70-80 parts of methyl siloxane, 8-12 parts of phenyl siloxane, 1.1-2.5 parts of a catalyst, 0.1-0.5 part of an end-capping agent, 0.1-0.2 part of a crosslinking agent and 4-5 parts of mineral fibers.

The invention is further configured to: the catalyst comprises 45-50 parts by mass of methyl siloxane and 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of ammonia water; the methyl siloxane is one or more of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

The invention is further configured to: in the preparation process of the catalyst, firstly, 45-50 parts of methyl siloxane and 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonia water are mixed and heated to 65-85 ℃; then nitrogen is introduced into the mixture and maintained for 4-5 hours to prepare the catalyst.

The invention is further configured to: the particle size of the capsule particles is 1-3 mm; the total volume of the capsule particles is 1/8-1/5 of the rubber substrate.

The invention is further configured to: the support frame is of an annular frame structure, the two support plates are located on two sides of the support frame, two sides of the annular support frame are sealed to form the containing space, the sound absorption column is made of rubber materials with a sound absorption function, and the body is planar, curved or cylindrical.

The invention is further configured to: the support frame is fixedly connected with the two support plates through threaded fasteners, the edge of the support frame extends to form a solid connecting block, and the threaded fasteners penetrate through holes in the connecting block and the support plates to fix the support frame and the two support plates.

The invention also provides an underwater acoustic transceiving noise reduction structure of the underwater equipment, which comprises a plurality of the underwater double-layer sound absorption plates, wherein the underwater double-layer sound absorption plates cover the surface of the underwater equipment and/or the hydrophone array.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the underwater double-layer sound absorption plate, noise is absorbed through the body consisting of the support frame and the two support plates and the sound absorption column together, and the hollow accommodating space is combined with the sound absorption column to act together, so that the sound absorption capacity of the double-layer plate can be effectively improved, and the noise of a medium-low frequency band is reduced; and the sound absorption plate main body and a plurality of groups of sound absorption columns are supported together, so that the underwater double-layer sound absorption plate has stronger pressure resistance and can be used in deeper water areas.

The underwater double-layer sound absorption plate is arranged on the surface of the underwater structure, so that the radiation noise of the underwater structure can be reduced; the underwater double-layer sound absorption plate is arranged between the hydrophone receiving array and the underwater structure, so that the influence of scattering on the surface of the underwater structure shell on array receiving can be reduced, the influence of noise under water on the underwater sound receiving and transmitting equipment can be reduced on the whole, and the working stability of the equipment is improved. And the underwater double-layer sound absorption plate can be made into a thin-surface structure with any shape, and can be covered according to the shape of underwater equipment without changing the surface line type of the mounting structure.

Through adopting shock attenuation sound absorption rubber, can improve the stability and the damping effect of the inside of sound absorption post, form porous hollow column structure inside, can effectively slow down the absorption noise to further subdue the influence of noise under water.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an underwater double-layer sound absorption board of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an underwater double-layered sound-absorbing panel according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a support frame and a sound-absorbing column of an underwater double-layer sound-absorbing panel according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the rubber substrate and capsule particles of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a support plate; 2. a support frame; 3. a sound absorbing column; 4. connecting blocks; 5. a through hole; 6. a rubber substrate; 7. capsule granules; 8. a coating layer; 9. foaming rubber; 10. and a reinforcing layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment discloses an underwater double-layer sound absorption plate, which comprises a support frame 2, two supports and a plurality of sound absorption columns 3, wherein the two support plates 1 are fixed on two sides of the support frame 2 to form a sound absorption plate body with an accommodating space inside, the sound absorption columns 3 are fixed in the accommodating space, and two end surfaces of each sound absorption column 3 are abutted between support blocks on two sides to carry out pressure-resistant support on underwater pressure together; and the containing space is sealed, filled with air and realizes the sound absorption function together with the sound absorption column 3.

The support frame 2 is fixedly connected with the two support plates 1 through welding, the sound absorption column 3 is fixed in a cavity of the support frame 2, the support frame 2 and the two support plates 1 are made of metal materials, the sound absorption column 3 is made of shock-absorbing and sound-absorbing materials, and two end faces of the sound absorption column 3 are respectively bonded and fixed with the support plates 1 on two sides through adhesives.

In this embodiment, link firmly for the watertight between the backup pad 1 of support frame 2 and both sides, realize through welding process, inside the accommodation space of avoiding the acoustic baffle to install when under water and having water entering acoustic baffle, support frame 2 and the backup pad 1 of both sides are connected and are formed integral structure, can not dismantle. The supporting frame 2 and the supporting plates 1 on the two sides are reinforced by adopting threaded fasteners; set up through-hole 5 in the border position of the backup pad 1 of support frame 2 and both sides, through-hole 5 aligns from top to bottom, and the enough big solid platform of 2 four corners extension areas of support frame makes the 5 outsides of through-hole reserve sufficient space, guarantees the steadiness and the security of installation, through-hole 5 in the backup pad 1 of support frame 2 and both sides with by mounting structure through threaded fastener fixed connection.

In this embodiment, the bottom surface is fixed in top cap and bottom plate respectively in proper order staggered arrangement on the sound absorption post 3 with lower bottom surface, and the inside cavity that the redundancy goes out fills the air, further promotes the sound absorbing capacity of double-deck board.

In this embodiment, the shape of the main body structure has various shapes, for example, the main body structure may be a plane shape and fixed on the surface of the plane structure, the support frame 2 is an annular frame structure, and the two support plates 1 are located at two sides of the support frame 2 to seal two sides of the annular support frame 2 to form a sealed accommodating space; for another example, the main structure may be a curved surface, and the bending range of the curved surface can be bent according to the main body of the underwater equipment and fixed on the surface of the arc-shaped structure; or, the main structure can be a cylinder, the main structure forms a cylindrical structure suitable for underwater equipment, when the main structure is in a cylinder shape with an annular seal, the support frame 2 adopts two annular support pieces for supporting, and the two support plates 1 are respectively welded and fixed on the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the annular support pieces to form a watertight sealed main structure which is fixed on the surface of a cylindrical shell.

In this embodiment, the main structure includes a support frame 2 and support plates 1 on two sides, the main structure is a cuboid, the support frame 2 is a rectangular frame, and the support plates 1 are rectangular plates with matched sizes, wherein the total thickness of the main structure is 20mm, the thickness of the support plates 1 is 5mm, the thickness of the support frame 2 is 10mm, and the thickness of the frame edge of the support frame 2 is 5 mm; the support frame 2 and the support plate 1 of the main body structure are both made of stainless steel materials with pressure resistance, and can effectively resist the water pressure of deeper water areas so as to be used in deeper sea areas.

Here, it should be noted that the size of the main structure is only an exemplary illustration and is not a limitation to the present application, and the specific size of the main structure is determined by the size of the underwater structure where the double-layer board needs to be laid.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-3, the sound-absorbing columns 3 may be circular truncated cones with an upper bottom surface diameter of 10mm, a lower bottom surface diameter of 20mm, and a height of 10mm, each sound-absorbing column 3 is distributed in a rectangular array, two adjacent sound-absorbing columns 3 are circular truncated cones with opposite directions, and the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface thereof are respectively and sequentially staggered and glued to the support plates 1 on both sides; the lower bottom surfaces of the two adjacent sound absorption columns 3 are tangent to the projection of the lower bottom surfaces, all the sound absorption columns 3 are arranged in a staggered mode, and the containing space in the whole supporting frame 2 is filled with the sound absorption columns, so that the stress of the top cover and the bottom plate can be balanced, and the pressure resistance of the double-layer sound absorption plate is improved.

Here, it should be noted that the number and size of the sound absorption columns 3 are only exemplary and not limiting to the present application, and the number and size of the sound absorption columns 3 are determined by the internal structure of the support frame 2, so as to ensure that the internal space of the support frame 2 can be arranged to cover the whole space.

The sound absorption column 3 can be made of a single rubber material or a metal rubber composite material, the adopted rubber is damping sound absorption rubber, the damping sound absorption rubber comprises a rubber base material and capsule particles mixed in the rubber base material, the particle size of the capsule particles is 1-3mm, and the total volume of the capsule particles is 1/8-1/5 of the rubber base material, so that a porous hollow structure can be formed in the damping sound absorption rubber, the absorption noise can be effectively reduced, and the influence of underwater noise is further reduced;

the capsule particles of the shock-absorbing and sound-absorbing rubber adopt a composite multilayer structure, wherein a main body is a capsule-shaped coating layer, the coating layer is supported by high-viscosity rubber, the material consistent with a rubber base material can be adopted, loose foam rubber is filled and injected into the inner side of the coating layer, the whole capsule particles can be loosely supported, and the absorption of sound waves can be formed in the capsule particles; in the coating parcel in-process, a plurality of glass fiber short-staple of periphery bonding of coating, form the enhancement layer, have coarse structure, can increase the inside friction between the part of shock attenuation sound absorption rubber, can receive the pressure in-process at sound absorption post 3, through the inside friction internal force of this rubber, increase the intensity of the rubber part of sound absorption post 3, also can ensure elastic buffer to a certain extent, form stable bearing structure.

The main body of the shock-absorbing and sound-absorbing rubber is a rubber base material, and the rubber base material comprises 70-80 parts by mass of methyl siloxane, 8-12 parts by mass of phenyl siloxane, 1.1-2.5 parts by mass of a catalyst, 0.1-0.5 part by mass of an end-capping agent, 0.1-0.2 part by mass of a cross-linking agent and 4-5 parts by mass of mineral fibers; wherein the catalyst comprises 45-50 parts by mass of methyl siloxane and 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of ammonia water.

Wherein in the preparation process of the catalyst, 45-50 parts of methyl siloxane and 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonia water are mixed and heated to 65-85 ℃; and introducing nitrogen into the mixture, and maintaining for 4-5 hours to obtain the catalyst.

In the preparation process, 70-80 parts of methyl siloxane, 8-12 parts of phenyl siloxane and 0.1-0.2 part of cross-linking agent are mixed, the air pressure of a reaction space is controlled to be about-0.1 Mpa, the temperature is controlled to be 55-60 ℃, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 1-2 hours; then adding 4-5 parts of mineral fiber, controlling the temperature to be 70-90 ℃, continuously stirring for 0.5-1h, and uniformly mixing; then adding 1.1-2.5 parts of catalyst, controlling the temperature to be 100-105 ℃ and reacting for 2-3 hours; then adding 0.1-0.5 part of end capping agent, controlling the temperature at 160-180 ℃, keeping for 5-10 minutes, and simultaneously stirring and mixing uniformly; adding the capsule particles, and controlling the temperature to be 160-180 ℃ for 0.5 hour; and finally, injecting the mixture into a mold of the sound absorption column 3 for curing to obtain the required sound absorption column 3.

Before the capsule particles are added into the prepared rubber, the capsule particles are soaked in a treating agent in advance to enable the periphery of the capsule particles to be attached with the treating agent, wherein the treating agent is a mixed reagent of Surfynol 104S and Surfynol 465; the treating agent can be attached to the periphery of the capsule particles, and part of the treating agent is also attached to fibers outside the capsule particles, the capsule particles are mixed into the rubber base material, the treating agent has the effect of maintaining the good activity of the rubber base material near the capsule particles, and is beneficial to the dispersion of the rubber base material part, so that the rubber base material can be mixed among the fibers, and then the treating agent outside the capsule particles is continuously diluted under the continuous stirring and high temperature of 160-180 ℃, then the rubber base material can be normally reacted and cured, and after the curing, the short fibers and the rubber base material at the periphery of the capsule particles can be more stably connected and blended, on one hand, the integral strength performance of the rubber material can be improved, on the other hand, the periphery of the capsule particles is coated by the mixing of the short fibers and the rubber base material, and the strength performance of the positions of the capsule particles can be improved, the mechanical property is better; the vibration noise can also reduce the noise of different vibration frequencies in the process of conduction, and the performance of the whole noise reduction structure is improved.

The prepared shock absorption and sound absorption rubber has higher storage modulus and loss modulus, and can absorb the energy of vibration under the conditions of noise, vibration and collision, so that the supporting and noise reduction effects of the sound absorption column 3 are ensured; and wherein mixed capsule granule part can increase the inside space and the quality of shock attenuation sound absorption rubber, improves the noise reduction effect to form elastic support, absorb through inside multistage deformation, improved the stability and the damping shock attenuation effect of sound absorption post 3.

Therefore, the sound absorption column 3 can effectively attenuate sound waves, low-frequency-band sound absorption can be realized, air is filled in the residual space after the sound absorption column 3 is fully paved in the accommodating space, the rapid attenuation of the sound waves in the double-layer plate can be increased, the combined action of the sound absorption column 3 is combined, the sound absorption capacity of the double-layer plate can be effectively improved, particularly the low-frequency-band sound waves of 1000 Hz-5000 Hz, the sound absorption capacity can reach more than 10dB, and the sound absorption effect is good.

Here, it should be noted that the above-mentioned size of the sound absorption column 3 is only an exemplary illustration and does not limit the present application, and the specific size of the sound absorption column 3 is determined by the actual underwater pressure resistance and sound absorption capability.

In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-3, the support frame 2 and the support plates 1 on both sides are connected and fixed by using threaded fasteners, and the specific installation structure is that four corners of the support frame 2 extend inward to form solid connection blocks 4 with a large enough area, through holes 5 aligned up and down are formed at corresponding positions of the four connection blocks 4 and four corners of the support plates 1, and the support frame 2 and the support plates 1 are fixedly connected by sequentially passing through the through holes 5 through the threaded fasteners during installation; generally, the length of the connecting block 4 is 20mm, the width of the connecting block is 20mm, the diameter of the through hole 5 is 3mm, the through hole 5 is arranged in the center of the platform, the fixed platform is uniformly stressed during installation, and the reliability of installation and fixation is improved; in order to improve the line shape of the main structure, a counter bore can be arranged at the outer end of the through hole 5 on the supporting plate 1 so as to accommodate the end part of the threaded fastener, so that the threaded fastener keeps the outer part of the sound absorption plate smooth after being installed.

The embodiment also discloses an underwater acoustic transceiving noise reduction structure of the underwater equipment, which comprises a plurality of sound absorption plates, wherein the sound absorption plates with various shapes and sizes are processed and formed according to the external contour of the underwater equipment, and the sound absorption plates are covered and installed on the underwater equipment or the surface of a corresponding hydrophone array through threaded fasteners, so that the noise reduction and absorption of the surface noise of the underwater equipment can be realized, and the transceiving stability of the underwater transceiving equipment is greatly improved; and the sound absorption plate can be made into a thin-surface structure with any shape without changing the surface line type of the mounting structure.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.