阅读说明：本技术 多燃料电池能量管理方法及系统、燃料电池车辆 (Multi-fuel-cell energy management method and system and fuel cell vehicle ) 是由 吕登辉 赵兴旺 罗凡 赵书飞 于 2020-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及燃料电池系统领域,具体涉及涉及一种多燃料电池能量管理方法及系统、燃料电池车辆,所述方法包括：确定每个燃料电池系统最高效率对应的参考净输出功率；获取燃料电池系统的请求功率；根据所述参考净输出功率与请求功率计算每个燃料电池系统的实际输出功率；分配所述实际输出功率至对应的燃料电池系统。本发明结合燃料电池系统的效率进行多个燃料电池系统之间的实际输出功率的分配,实现了资源的有效利用,并提高了燃料电池系统的整体效率,节约了多燃料电池系统的经济成本,另外增加了燃料电池系统的故障诊断方法,当系统发生故障时,也能保证多燃料电池系统的高效、稳定运行,提高系统的鲁棒性。(The invention relates to the field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a multi-fuel cell energy management method and system and a fuel cell vehicle, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a reference net output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system; acquiring the requested power of the fuel cell system; calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power and the requested power; and distributing the actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system. The invention combines the efficiency of the fuel cell system to distribute the actual output power among the fuel cell systems, realizes the effective utilization of resources, improves the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system, saves the economic cost of the fuel cell systems, adds the fault diagnosis method of the fuel cell system, can ensure the high-efficiency and stable operation of the fuel cell system when the system has faults, and improves the robustness of the system.)

1. A multi-fuel cell energy management method, the method comprising:

determining a reference net output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system;

acquiring the requested power of the fuel cell system;

calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power and the requested power; and distributing the actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system.

2. The multi-fuel cell energy management method of claim 1, wherein the energy management method further comprises:

diagnosing a fault condition of each fuel cell system, and determining a limit output power;

and calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power, the requested power and the limit output power.

3. The multi-fuel cell energy management method according to claim 2, wherein the step of "calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system based on the reference net output power, the requested power, and the limit output power" includes:

judging whether the requested power is less than or equal to the reference net output power of the single fuel cell system, if so, diagnosing whether the fuel cell system has a fault;

starting and distributing the requested power to a single fuel cell system when the fuel cell systems are all fault-free; starting and distributing the requested power to a single non-faulty fuel cell system when the fuel cell system includes partial faults and no faults;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has no fault, determining the distribution of the requested power according to the fuel cell system without the fault;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, acquiring the limited output power, and distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell according to the relation between the limited output power and the reference net output power;

when the fuel cell system has the defects of starting and partial faults, the distribution of the requested power is determined according to the fuel cell system with the partial faults.

4. The multi-fuel cell energy management method of claim 3, wherein the method of "distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell according to the relation of the limited output power to the reference net output power" comprises:

determining whether the limited output power of each fuel cell is greater than or equal to the reference net output power;

if the limited output power of at least one fuel cell is larger than or equal to the reference net output power, starting and distributing the requested power to a single fuel cell system with the maximum limited output power;

if the limited output power of each fuel cell is smaller than the reference net output power, judging whether the sum of the limited output powers of the plurality of fuel cell systems is larger than or equal to the reference net output power; if yes, starting the plurality of fuel cell systems; if not, the fuel cell system is not started.

5. The multi-fuel cell energy management method of claim 3, wherein the energy management method further comprises:

judging whether the requested power is less than or equal to the reference net output power of the single fuel cell system, if not, diagnosing whether the fuel cell system has a fault;

when the fuel cell systems have no faults, determining to distribute the actual output power by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell systems;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has no fault, the actual output power of the fault-free fuel cell is the requested power;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has partial faults, determining the limited output power of the partial fault fuel cell, and judging whether the limited output power is larger than or equal to the requested power, if so, outputting the requested power as the actual output power, and if not, outputting the limited output power as the actual output power;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, the limit output power of the partial fault fuel cell is determined, and the actual output power of different fuel cell systems is determined according to the relation between the limit output power and the requested power.

6. The multi-fuel-cell energy management method according to claim 5, wherein the method of "determining the actual output power of the different fuel cell system from the relation between the limit output power and the requested power" includes:

when the limited output power of the first fuel cell system and the limited output power of the second fuel cell system are both larger than the requested power, starting the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system, and determining the actual output power to be distributed by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell systems;

when the limited output power of the first fuel cell system is larger than the requested power and the limited output power of the second fuel cell system is smaller than the requested power, the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the limited output power of the second fuel cell system, and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the difference value of the requested power minus the limited output power of the second fuel cell system;

when the sum of the limited output powers of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system is greater than the requested power, the requested power is greater than the limited output power of the first fuel cell system, and the limited output power of the first fuel cell system is greater than the limited output power of the second fuel cell system, the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the limited output power corresponding to the second fuel cell system, and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the difference value of the requested power minus the limited output power of the second fuel cell system;

when the requested power is larger than the sum of the limited output powers of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system, the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the limited output power corresponding to the first fuel cell system; the actual output power of the second fuel battery system is the corresponding limited output power of the second fuel battery system.

7. The multi-fuel cell energy management method according to claim 6, wherein the method of determining the allocated actual output power by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell system comprises: calculating a first efficiency corresponding to the reference net output power of the first fuel cell;

calculating a second efficiency corresponding to the difference between the requested power and the reference net output power of the first fuel cell when the power of the second fuel cell is the requested power;

respectively calculating a third efficiency and a fourth efficiency corresponding to the situation that the power of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system is one half of the requested power;

judging whether the sum of the first efficiency and the second efficiency is greater than the sum of the third efficiency and the fourth efficiency; if so, taking the actual output power of the first fuel cell system as the reference net output power; the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the difference between the requested power and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system; if not, the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is equal to the actual output power of the second fuel cell system, which is equal to one-half of the requested power.

8. The multi-fuel cell energy management method of claim 2, wherein the energy management method comprises:

diagnosing a fault in the fuel cell system, determining a limited output power of the partially faulty fuel cell system and a reference net output power of the non-faulty fuel cell system;

and calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the limit output power, the reference net output power and the requested power.

9. A multi-fuel cell energy management system, comprising:

a determination module: for determining a reference net output power corresponding to a maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system;

an acquisition module: for obtaining a requested power of the fuel cell system;

a diagnostic module: for diagnosing a fault condition of each fuel cell system, determining a limit output power;

a calculation module: calculating an actual output power of each fuel cell system based on the reference net output power, the requested power, and the limited output power;

a distribution module: for distributing said actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system.

10. A fuel cell vehicle characterized by comprising at least two fuel cell systems,

the at least two fuel cell systems are actually output power distributed by the multi-fuel cell energy management method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a multi-fuel cell energy management method and system and a fuel cell vehicle.

Background

Since hydrogen energy is an ultimate green energy, in the field of new energy vehicles, a fuel cell system utilizing hydrogen energy has the advantages of no pollution, short hydrogenation time, long driving range, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, so that the fuel cell system is widely applied to the transportation industry and the energy storage industry, and is particularly and gradually applied to heavy mechanical equipment such as heavy commercial vehicles or ships.

At present, a fuel cell vehicle generally adopts a fuel cell and a lithium battery to jointly provide power for the whole vehicle as an energy source, heavy mechanical equipment such as a heavy commercial vehicle or a ship has larger power demand of the whole vehicle/ship, even more than 200kW, and at the moment, the power of a single fuel cell system cannot meet the power demand of the whole vehicle, so that at least a dual-fuel cell system needs to be adopted to work simultaneously, and the power demand of the whole vehicle is met. In the prior art, when heavy mechanical equipment such as a vehicle or a ship comprising a plurality of fuel cells is used, power is provided for the fuel cells in an evenly distributed mode no matter what output power is needed, so that the efficiency of the fuel cells is low, and resources are wasted; moreover, when one of the fuel cells fails, the output power of the whole system is affected, and the robustness is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical defects and technical drawbacks in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-fuel cell energy management method and system, and a fuel cell vehicle, which overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, and adjust the power of different fuel cells by combining the output power, so as to achieve efficient distribution of energy of a multi-fuel cell system, high efficiency, and strong robustness.

As an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a multi-fuel cell energy management method, including:

determining a reference net output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system;

acquiring the requested power of the fuel cell system;

calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power and the requested power;

and distributing the actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system.

Further, the energy management method further comprises:

diagnosing a fault condition of each fuel cell system, and determining a limit output power;

and calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power, the requested power and the limit output power.

Further, the step of "calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system based on the reference net output power, the requested power, and the limit output power" includes:

judging whether the requested power is less than or equal to the reference net output power of the single fuel cell system, if so, diagnosing whether the fuel cell system has a fault;

starting and distributing the requested power to a single fuel cell system when the fuel cell systems are all fault-free;

starting and distributing the requested power to a single non-faulty fuel cell system when the fuel cell system includes partial faults and no faults;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has no fault, determining the distribution of the requested power according to the fuel cell system without the fault;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, acquiring the limited output power, and distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell according to the relation between the limited output power and the reference net output power;

when the fuel cell system has the defects of starting and partial faults, the distribution of the requested power is determined according to the fuel cell system with the partial faults.

Further, the method of "distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell in accordance with the relation between the limit output power and the reference net output power" includes:

determining whether the limited output power of each fuel cell is greater than or equal to the reference net output power;

if the limited output power of at least one fuel cell is larger than or equal to the reference net output power, starting and distributing the requested power to a single fuel cell system with the maximum limited output power;

if the limited output power of each fuel cell is smaller than the reference net output power, judging whether the sum of the limited output powers of the plurality of fuel cell systems is larger than or equal to the reference net output power; if yes, starting the plurality of fuel cell systems; if not, the fuel cell system is not started.

Further, the energy management method further comprises:

judging whether the requested power is less than or equal to the reference net output power of the single fuel cell system, if not, diagnosing whether the fuel cell system has a fault;

when the fuel cell systems have no faults, determining to distribute the actual output power by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell systems;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has no fault, the actual output power of the fault-free fuel cell is the requested power;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has partial faults, determining the limited output power of the partial fault fuel cell, and judging whether the limited output power is larger than or equal to the requested power, if so, outputting the requested power as the actual output power, and if not, outputting the limited output power as the actual output power;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, the limit output power of the partial fault fuel cell is determined, and the actual output power of different fuel cell systems is determined according to the relation between the limit output power and the requested power.

Further, the method of "determining actual output powers of different fuel cell systems from the relationship between the limit output power and the requested power" includes:

when the limited output power of the first fuel cell system and the limited output power of the second fuel cell system are both larger than the requested power, starting the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system, and determining the actual output power to be distributed by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell systems;

when the limited output power of the first fuel cell system is larger than the requested power and the limited output power of the second fuel cell system is smaller than the requested power, the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the limited output power of the second fuel cell system, and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the difference value of the requested power minus the limited output power of the second fuel cell system;

when the sum of the limited output powers of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system is greater than the requested power, the requested power is greater than the limited output power of the first fuel cell system, and the limited output power of the first fuel cell system is greater than the limited output power of the second fuel cell system, the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the limited output power corresponding to the second fuel cell system, and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the difference value of the requested power minus the limited output power of the second fuel cell system;

when the requested power is larger than the sum of the limited output powers of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system, the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the limited output power corresponding to the first fuel cell system; the actual output power of the second fuel battery system is the corresponding limited output power of the second fuel battery system.

Further, the method of "determining the distribution actual output power by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell system" includes:

calculating a first efficiency corresponding to the reference net output power of the first fuel cell;

calculating a second efficiency corresponding to the difference between the requested power and the reference net output power of the first fuel cell when the power of the second fuel cell is the requested power;

respectively calculating a third efficiency and a fourth efficiency corresponding to the situation that the power of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system is one half of the requested power;

judging whether the sum of the first efficiency and the second efficiency is greater than the sum of the third efficiency and the fourth efficiency; if so, taking the actual output power of the first fuel cell system as the reference net output power; the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the difference between the requested power and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system; if not, the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is equal to the actual output power of the second fuel cell system, which is equal to one-half of the requested power.

Further, the energy management method comprises:

diagnosing a fault in the fuel cell system, determining a limited output power of the partially faulty fuel cell system and a reference net output power of the non-faulty fuel cell system;

and calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the limit output power, the reference net output power and the requested power.

As a further aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a multi-fuel cell energy management system including:

a determination module: for determining a reference net output power corresponding to a maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system;

an acquisition module: for obtaining a requested power of the fuel cell system;

a diagnostic module: for diagnosing a fault condition of each fuel cell system, determining a limit output power;

a calculation module: calculating an actual output power of each fuel cell system based on the reference net output power, the requested power, and the limited output power;

a distribution module: for distributing said actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system.

As still another aspect of the embodiment of the invention, there is provided a fuel cell vehicle including at least two fuel cell systems,

the at least two fuel cell systems perform the actual output power distribution by any of the multi-fuel cell energy management methods described above.

The embodiment of the invention at least realizes the following technical effects:

the embodiment of the invention distributes the actual output power among the multiple fuel cell systems by combining the efficiency of the fuel cell systems, realizes the effective utilization of resources, improves the overall efficiency of the fuel cell systems and saves the economic cost of the multiple fuel cell systems.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-fuel cell energy management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for energy management of two fuel cell systems according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-fuel cell energy management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a flowchart of an energy management method of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.

The figures and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a multi-fuel cell energy management method is provided, the method comprising:

s11 determining the reference net output power corresponding to the maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system;

s12, acquiring the requested power of the fuel cell system;

s13 calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power and the requested power;

s14 distributes the actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system.

In the present embodiment, the power of the fuel cell system is the net output power of the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system power is the fuel cell power-accessory power; the accessories include a radiator, a water pump and other fuel cell system components, wherein the relation between the maximum efficiency and the reference net output power in the S11 can be obtained by referring to a related document in figure 2, and also by calculation or experimental calibration, wherein:

the minimum power of the fuel cell system is 0, and the fuel cell system is in an idling state at the moment;

p1, P2, P3 and Pmax represent the output power of the fuel cell system, the unit is kW, and the magnitude relationship is: p1 is more than 0 and more than P2 and more than P3 and more than Pmax;

e _ P1, E _ P2, E _ P3, E _ max represent the efficiency of the fuel cell system in% of the magnitude relationship: 0 < E _ max < E _ P3 < E _ P1 < E _ P2 < 100;

p1 represents a minimum power point set by the fuel cell system (fuel cell system output power is 0 except in the idle state);

the fuel cell efficiency corresponding to the power P1 of the E _ P1 fuel cell system;

p2 represents the fuel cell system power corresponding to the time when the fuel cell system efficiency is highest;

the fuel cell efficiency corresponding to the power P2 of the E _ P2 fuel cell system;

p3 represents the output power set point of the fuel cell system;

the fuel cell efficiency corresponding to the power P3 of the E _ P3 fuel cell system;

pmax represents the maximum value of the output power of the fuel cell;

and E _ Pmax fuel cell efficiency corresponding to the maximum value of the output power of the fuel cell when the system power of the fuel cell is E _ Pmax.

In S12, the requested power of the entire fuel cell system may be obtained by an energy control unit of the entire vehicle, or the power required by the fuel cell system in the entire vehicle may be obtained by an individually set energy distribution module; in S13, calculating actual output powers of different fuel cell systems according to the relationship between the requested power and the reference net output power, wherein the specific judgment rule can be determined according to the configuration of each fuel cell system and the number of the single fuel cell systems; for example, when the entire fuel cell vehicle includes 3 fuel cell systems related to the reference net output power, the output may be made in accordance with the magnitude relation of P2 with the requested power; in S14, the calculated actual output power is distributed to the corresponding fuel cell system.

In one embodiment, the energy management method further comprises:

diagnosing a fault condition of each fuel cell system, and determining a limit output power;

and calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the reference net output power, the requested power and the limit output power.

In the present embodiment, the failure diagnosis is performed for each fuel cell system, and the maximum output power of each fuel cell system is determined, for example: when the out-of-case water temperature of the fuel cell system is diagnosed to be too high, such as reaching 80 ℃, the maximum output power of the fuel cell system needs to be limited, and if 60kw cannot be exceeded, the limited output power of the fuel cell is determined to be 60kw, and the actual output power of each fuel cell system is determined by combining the magnitude relation among the reference net output power, the requested power and the limited output power.

In one embodiment, the step of calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system based on the reference net output power, the requested power, and the limited output power includes:

judging whether the requested power is less than or equal to the reference net output power of the single fuel cell system, if so, diagnosing whether the fuel cell system has a fault;

starting and distributing the requested power to a single fuel cell system when the fuel cell systems are all fault-free;

starting and distributing the requested power to a single non-faulty fuel cell system when the fuel cell system includes partial faults and no faults;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has no fault, determining the distribution of the requested power according to the fuel cell system without the fault;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, acquiring the limited output power, and distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell according to the relation between the limited output power and the reference net output power;

when the fuel cell system has the defects of starting and partial faults, the distribution of the requested power is determined according to the fuel cell system with the partial faults.

In this embodiment, the relationship between the magnitude of the requested power and the reference net output power is determined, the magnitude relationship is decomposed, the type of the fault diagnosis situation is determined, and the distribution mode of the actual output power of each different fault type is different; the present embodiment may also include a plurality of fuel cell systems, e.g. 2, 3, 4 etc.,

in one embodiment, the method of "distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell according to the relationship between the limited output power and the reference net output power" includes:

determining whether the limited output power of each fuel cell is greater than or equal to the reference net output power;

if the limited output power of at least one fuel cell is larger than or equal to the reference net output power, starting and distributing the requested power to a single fuel cell system with the maximum limited output power;

if the limited output power of each fuel cell is smaller than the reference net output power, judging whether the sum of the limited output powers of the plurality of fuel cell systems is larger than or equal to the reference net output power; if yes, starting the plurality of fuel cell systems; if not, the fuel cell system is not started.

In the present embodiment, the actual output power of each fuel cell is determined for the case where the fuel cell systems are all partially defective.

In one embodiment, the energy management method further comprises:

judging whether the requested power is less than or equal to the reference net output power of the single fuel cell system, if not, diagnosing whether the fuel cell system has a fault;

when the fuel cell systems have no faults, determining to distribute the actual output power by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell systems;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has no fault, the actual output power of the fault-free fuel cell is the requested power;

when the fuel cell system cannot be started and has partial faults, determining the limited output power of the partial fault fuel cell, and judging whether the limited output power is larger than or equal to the requested power, if so, outputting the requested power as the actual output power, and if not, outputting the limited output power as the actual output power;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, the limit output power of the partial fault fuel cell is determined, and the actual output power of different fuel cell systems is determined according to the relation between the limit output power and the requested power.

In the present embodiment, when the requested power is larger than the reference net output power of the individual fuel cell system, the output situation of the failure diagnosis includes the above four, and also the method of outputting the actual output power is different for different failure cases.

In one embodiment, the method of "determining actual output powers of different fuel cell systems from a relation of a limit output power to a requested power" includes:

when the limited output power of the first fuel cell system and the limited output power of the second fuel cell system are both larger than the requested power, starting the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system, and determining the actual output power to be distributed by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell systems;

when the limited output power of the first fuel cell system is larger than the requested power and the limited output power of the second fuel cell system is smaller than the requested power, the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the limited output power of the second fuel cell system, and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the difference value of the requested power minus the limited output power of the second fuel cell system;

when the sum of the limited output powers of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system is greater than the requested power, the requested power is greater than the limited output power of the first fuel cell system, and the limited output power of the first fuel cell system is greater than the limited output power of the second fuel cell system, the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the limited output power corresponding to the second fuel cell system, and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the difference value of the requested power minus the limited output power of the second fuel cell system;

when the requested power is larger than the sum of the limited output powers of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system, the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is the limited output power corresponding to the first fuel cell system; the actual output power of the second fuel battery system is the corresponding limited output power of the second fuel battery system.

In the present embodiment, in order to determine the actual output powers of the different fuel cell systems based on the relationship between the limit output power and the requested power, the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell are not limited to two fuel cells, and for example, the first/second fuel cell system may represent 2 or more fuel cell systems.

Preferably, the method of "determining the distributed actual output power by calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell system" includes:

calculating a first efficiency corresponding to the reference net output power of the first fuel cell;

calculating a second efficiency corresponding to the difference between the requested power and the reference net output power of the first fuel cell when the power of the second fuel cell is the requested power;

respectively calculating a third efficiency and a fourth efficiency corresponding to the situation that the power of the first fuel cell system and the second fuel cell system is one half of the requested power;

judging whether the sum of the first efficiency and the second efficiency is greater than the sum of the third efficiency and the fourth efficiency; if so, taking the actual output power of the first fuel cell system as the reference net output power; the actual output power of the second fuel cell system is the difference between the requested power and the actual output power of the first fuel cell system; if not, the actual output power of the first fuel cell system is equal to the actual output power of the second fuel cell system, which is equal to one-half of the requested power.

The calculation method of the embodiment can ensure that the efficiency of the fuel cell system corresponding to the output power of the multi-fuel cell system is the highest.

In one embodiment, the energy management method comprises:

diagnosing a fault in the fuel cell system, determining a limited output power of the partially faulty fuel cell system and a reference net output power of the non-faulty fuel cell system;

and calculating the actual output power of each fuel cell system according to the limit output power, the reference net output power and the requested power.

In this embodiment, all the fuel cell system diagnoses may be performed first, and then the limited output power determined after the diagnoses may be determined, wherein the calculation and distribution method may refer to the distribution method under the above-mentioned different situations.

In one embodiment, two fuel cell systems are included, and the two fuel cell systems are configured identically and have the same P2 (reference net output value), and the specific steps thereof are as shown in fig. 3, and specifically include:

s21 obtaining the requested power P _ FCS of the fuel cell system;

s22 judges whether P _ FCS is greater than or equal to P2, if yes, go to S23, otherwise go to S25;

s23 judges whether the fuel electric system A, B has a fault, if yes, the process goes to S24, and if not, the process goes to S28;

s24, determining the actual output power of the fuel cell A/B according to a preset second fault rule;

s25 judges whether the fuel battery system A, B has a fault, if yes, the process goes to S26, and if not, the process goes to S27;

s26, determining the actual output power of the fuel cell A/B according to a preset first fault rule;

s27, starting up the single system, wherein the actual output power is P _ FCS;

s28 judges whether E _ P2+ E _ (P _ FCS-P2) is greater than or equal to 2E _1/2P _ FCS, if yes, go to S29, if not go to S210;

s29 where the actual output power of the fuel cell system a is the reference net output power P2; the actual output power of the fuel cell system B is P _ FCS-P2;

s210 both the actual output powers of the fuel cell system a and the fuel cell system B are 1/2P _ FCS.

Wherein: the preset first failure rule in S26 may be:

when the fuel cell system A is partially failed and the fuel cell system B is not failed, starting the fuel cell system B, wherein the actual output power of the fuel cell system B is P _ FCS;

when the fuel cell system A cannot be started and the fuel cell system B has no fault, starting the fuel cell system B, wherein the actual output power of the fuel cell system B is P _ FCS;

when the fuel cell system A and the fuel cell system B both have partial faults, determining the limited output power as P _ FCS _ A _ lim and P _ FCS _ B _ lim respectively;

when the fuel cell systems are all partial faults, acquiring the limited output power, and distributing the actual output power of each fuel cell according to the relation between the limited output power and the reference net output power;

if P _ FCS _ A _ lim is larger than or equal to P _ FCS _ B _ lim is larger than or equal to P2, the fuel cell system A is started, and the actual output power P _ A of the fuel cell system A is equal to P _ FCS;

if P _ FCS _ A _ lim is more than or equal to P2 and more than or equal to P _ FCS _ B _ lim, the fuel cell system A is started, and the output power P _ A is P _ FCS;

if P _ FCS _ A _ lim + P _ FCS _ B _ lim is more than or equal to P2 more than or equal to max (P _ FCS _ A _ lim and P _ FCS _ B _ lim), the fuel cell systems FCS _ A and FCS _ B are started, and the actual output power of the fuel cell system A, B is max (P _ FCS _ A _ lim and P _ FCS _ B _ lim);

if P2 is greater than or equal to P _ FCS _ A _ lim + P _ FCS _ B _ lim, the fuel cell system is not started.

When the fuel cell system A cannot be started and the fuel cell system B partially fails, if P _ FCS _ B _ lim is more than or equal to P2, the fuel cell system FCS _ B is started, and P _ B is P _ FCS;

if P _ FCS _ B _ lim < P2, the fuel cell system is not started.

The preset second failure rule in S24 may be:

when the fuel cell system A fails and cannot be started and the fuel cell system B does not fail, the output power of the fuel cell system B is P _ B ═ P _ FCS;

when the fuel cell system A fails and cannot be started, the fuel cell system B partially fails, the power output is limited, and the limited power is P _ FCS _ B _ lim, if P _ FCS _ B _ lim is larger than P _ FCS, P _ B is P _ FCS;

if P _ FCS _ B _ lim < P _ FCS, P _ B ═ P _ FCS _ B _ lim;

when the fuel cell systems A/B are both partially out of order and both limit the power output, the limit power output is P _ FCS _ A _ lim and P _ FCS _ B _ lim respectively; if P _ FCS _ A _ lim is more than or equal to P _ FCS _ B _ lim is more than or equal to P _ FCS, the efficiency is determined as follows:

when the fuel cell efficiency E _ P2+ E _ (P _ FCS _ P2) > 2 × E _1/2P _ FCS, then P _ a is E _ P2; p _ B ═ P _ FCS-P _ a;

when the fuel cell efficiency E _ P2+ E _ (P _ FCS-P2) ≦ 2 × E _1/2P _ FCS, then P _ A ═ P _ B ═ 1/2P _ FCS;

when P _ FCS _ A _ lim (P _ FCS _ B _ lim) ≧ P _ FCS _ B _ lim (P _ FCS _ A _ lim), the output power P _ B (P _ A) is P _ FCS _ B _ lim, and P _ A (P _ B) is P _ FCS-P _ B (P _ A);

when P _ FCS _ A _ lim + P _ FCS _ B _ lim is more than or equal to P _ FCS _ A _ lim is more than or equal to P _ FCS _ B _ lim, the output power P _ B is P _ FCS _ B _ lim, and P _ A is P _ FCS-P _ B;

when P _ FCS is more than or equal to P _ FCS _ A _ lim + P _ FCS _ B _ lim is more than or equal to P _ FCS _ A _ lim and more than or equal to P _ FCS _ B _ lim, P _ A is more than or equal to P _ FCS _ A _ lim; p _ B — P _ FCS _ B _ lim.

Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a multi-fuel cell energy management system, and as the principle of the problem solved by the multi-fuel cell energy management system is similar to that of the multi-fuel cell energy management method of the foregoing embodiments, reference may be made to the implementation of the foregoing multi-fuel cell energy management method for implementation of this embodiment, and repeated details are omitted.

In one embodiment, there is provided a multi-fuel cell energy management system, as shown in fig. 4, comprising:

the determination module 11: for determining a reference net output power corresponding to a maximum efficiency of each fuel cell system;

the acquisition module 12: for obtaining a requested power of the fuel cell system;

the diagnostic module 13: for diagnosing a fault condition of each fuel cell system, determining a limit output power;

the calculation module 14: calculating an actual output power of each fuel cell system based on the reference net output power, the requested power, and the limited output power;

the distribution module 15: for distributing said actual output power to the corresponding fuel cell system.

In the embodiment, the multi-fuel cell energy management system comprises a plurality of fuel cell systems, the actual output power of each fuel cell system is not the average value of the requested power, but is calculated according to the highest efficiency of the fuel cell system, and fault diagnosis is performed on the fuel cell systems through the diagnosis module, so that the state of the fuel cell systems can be monitored in real time, the actual output power of each fuel cell system is adjusted in net combination with different states, the efficiency is high, and the real-time performance is realized.

Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a fuel cell vehicle, and since the principle of the problem solved by the fuel cell vehicle is similar to that of the multi-fuel cell energy management system of the foregoing embodiments, the implementation of this embodiment may refer to the implementation of the multi-fuel cell energy management system, and repeated details are omitted.

In one embodiment, there is provided a fuel cell vehicle including at least two fuel cell systems,

the at least two fuel cell systems perform the actual output power distribution by any of the multi-fuel cell energy management methods described above.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, first, S31 sends power required by the entire vehicle to an entire vehicle ECU (energy control unit), the entire vehicle ECU distributes power according to an energy management strategy in S32, S33 requests power P _ FCS to the fuel cell system, S34 requests power P _ BAT to the power battery, and S35 requests power P _ FCS to the fuel cell system or the system energy management unit according to the fuel cell system; s35 performs actual output power allocation according to the energy management method of the above embodiment, for example: s36 and S37 respectively request the power P _ a and P _ B from the fuel cell a system and the fuel cell B system, and finally the fuel cell system a and the fuel cell system B respectively respond and output the power P _ a and P _ B.

The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or the order of one element in another, but are used merely to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the invention and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the method of the invention should not be construed to reflect the intent: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.