Method and device for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin
阅读说明：本技术 一种罗非鱼皮脱灰脱脂方法及装置 (Method and device for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin ) 是由 杨新 陆卓丽 陈玉娟 张志明 施传力 于 2020-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及鱼皮加工技术领域,具体涉及一种罗非鱼皮脱灰脱脂方法,包括将罗非鱼皮放入密封容器内,对密封容器进行抽真空,所述密封容器处于负压状态；在密封容器内加入酸溶液/碱溶液；搅拌完成后将溶液中和至中性,取出密封容器中的溶液并清理密封容器后加入非离子表面活性剂；本发明通过对密封容器采取负压状态,使鱼皮内空气膨胀,造成局部撕裂,即第一次蓬松；通过加入酸/碱溶液,产生的热量能够使得鱼皮内部的水分膨胀,即第二次蓬松,此时溶液能够进入到鱼皮内与脂肪反应,即第三次蓬松；三次蓬松后,方便非离子表面活性剂进行最后的脱脂；本申请相比于传统的加工方式而言,加工时间更短,工艺更加简单,且脱脂脱灰效果更好。(The invention relates to the technical field of fish skin processing, in particular to a tilapia skin deliming and degreasing method, which comprises the steps of putting tilapia skin into a sealed container, vacuumizing the sealed container, wherein the sealed container is in a negative pressure state; adding an acid solution/alkali solution into a sealed container; neutralizing the solution to be neutral after stirring, taking out the solution in the sealed container, cleaning the sealed container, and adding the nonionic surfactant; according to the invention, the air in the fish skin is expanded by adopting a negative pressure state for the sealed container, so that the local tear is caused, namely the fish skin is fluffy for the first time; by adding the acid/alkali solution, the generated heat can expand the water inside the fish skin, namely, the fish skin is fluffy for the second time, and the solution can enter the fish skin to react with the fat, namely, the fish skin is fluffy for the third time; after the three times of fluffing, the final degreasing is carried out by the nonionic surfactant conveniently; compared with the traditional processing mode, the processing time is shorter, the process is simpler, and the degreasing and deliming effects are better.)
1. A method for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin is characterized by comprising
Putting tilapia skin into a sealed container, and vacuumizing the sealed container, wherein the sealed container is in a negative pressure state;
adding an acid solution/an alkali solution into a sealed container, and stirring for 2-3 h;
and neutralizing the solution to be neutral after stirring is finished, taking out the solution in the sealed container, cleaning the sealed container, adding the nonionic surfactant, keeping for 1-4h, taking out and rinsing.
2. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the acid solution is 3.5-4.5%.
3. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein the acid solution is hydrochloric acid.
4. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the alkali solution is 0.3% -0.5%.
5. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein said alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide.
6. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein said "stirring" comprises:
the stirring speed is 3-10r/min, and the rotating direction is changed once per minute.
7. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is added and ultrasonic cleaning is simultaneously performed.
8. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is NP-10 with a volume fraction of 1%.
9. The method for deliming and degreasing tilapia mossambica skin according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree in the sealed container under negative pressure is less than-81.2 kpa.
10. A deliming and degreasing device for tilapia skin is characterized by comprising
The top of the sealed container is provided with an air hole, a first liquid inlet hole and a second liquid inlet hole, the bottom of the sealed container is provided with a liquid outlet, and the bottom of the inner wall of the sealed container is also provided with an electromagnetic stirrer;
the vacuum pump is connected to the air hole;
the first container is internally provided with an acid solution/alkali solution, and is also provided with a first conveying pump which is connected to a first liquid inlet hole;
the second container is internally provided with a nonionic surfactant, and is also provided with a second delivery pump which is connected to a second liquid inlet hole;
the air hole, the first liquid inlet hole, the second liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet are provided with electromagnetic valves; and
and the controller controls the work of the electromagnetic stirrer, the vacuum pump, the first delivery pump, the second delivery pump and the electromagnetic valve.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish skin processing, in particular to a method and a device for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin.
Background
With the increasing export quantity of tilapia, the processing problem of fish scales, fish skins and other leftovers becomes more important, waste is caused by random discarding, the environment is polluted, the fish skins are rich in collagen, and the tilapia skin has the advantages of improving immunity, biocompatibility, moisture retention, biodegradability and the like, and is widely applied to the pharmaceutical industry, the cosmetic industry and the food industry, so that the technical problem to be solved in the prior art is to deliming and degreasing the tilapia skin to obtain the protein component of the tilapia skin.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a method and a device for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin with simple process and high protein yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin comprises
Putting tilapia skin into a sealed container, and vacuumizing the sealed container, wherein the sealed container is in a negative pressure state;
adding an acid solution/an alkali solution into a sealed container, and stirring for 2-3 h;
and neutralizing the solution to be neutral after stirring is finished, taking out the solution in the sealed container, cleaning the sealed container, adding the nonionic surfactant, keeping for 1-4h, taking out and rinsing.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts another technical scheme as follows:
a tilapia skin deliming and degreasing device comprises
The top of the sealed container is provided with an air hole, a first liquid inlet hole and a second liquid inlet hole, the bottom of the sealed container is provided with a liquid outlet, and the bottom of the inner wall of the sealed container is also provided with an electromagnetic stirrer;
the vacuum pump is connected to the air hole;
the first container is internally provided with an acid solution/alkali solution, and is also provided with a first conveying pump which is connected to a first liquid inlet hole;
the second container is internally provided with a nonionic surfactant, and is also provided with a second delivery pump which is connected to a second liquid inlet hole;
the air hole, the first liquid inlet hole, the second liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet are provided with electromagnetic valves; and
and the controller controls the work of the electromagnetic stirrer, the vacuum pump, the first delivery pump, the second delivery pump and the electromagnetic valve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sealed container is put in the tilapia skin under the negative pressure state, and the air in the tilapia skin is expanded due to the negative pressure, so that the part of the tilapia skin is slightly torn, namely the tilapia skin is fluffy for the first time, and the tilapia skin is changed into a porous structure; moreover, by adding the acid solution/alkali solution, because the reaction of the acid solution/alkali solution and the water in the fish skin is an exothermic reaction, the generated heat and negative pressure are in a state, so that the water in the fish skin can expand and even be directly gasified, the fish skin is further fluffy, namely, fluffy for the second time, under the condition of stirring, the acid solution/alkali solution can further enter the fish skin through a fluffy structure to react with the fat, so that more fat is dissolved, and then the fish skin is further fluffy, namely fluffy for the third time; meanwhile, acid and water in the acid solution can dissolve and remove the water-soluble ash and the acid-soluble ash; finally, the fish skin is finally degreased through the nonionic surfactant, after the fish skin is fluffed for the first three times, the inside of the fish skin is basically and completely fiberized, and gaps are larger, so that the final degreasing is conveniently performed by a degreasing agent which has larger groups and stronger degreasing capability and is the nonionic surfactant; compared with the traditional processing mode, the processing time is shorter, the process is simpler, the structure of the device is simple, and the degreasing and deashing effects are better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tilapia skin deliming and degreasing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. sealing the container; 11. air holes; 12. a first liquid inlet hole; 13. a second liquid inlet hole; 14. a liquid outlet; 15. an electromagnetic stirrer; 2. a vacuum pump; 3. a first container; 4. a first delivery pump; 5. a second container; 6. a second delivery pump.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
A method for deliming and degreasing tilapia skin comprises
Putting tilapia skin into a sealed container, and vacuumizing the sealed container, wherein the sealed container is in a negative pressure state;
adding an acid solution/an alkali solution into a sealed container, and stirring for 2-3 h;
and neutralizing the solution to be neutral after stirring is finished, taking out the solution in the sealed container, cleaning the sealed container, adding the nonionic surfactant, keeping for 1-4h, taking out and rinsing.
From the above description, the sealed container is in a negative pressure state, when the tilapia skin is put into the sealed container, the negative pressure makes the air inside the tilapia skin expand to cause slight local tearing, namely, the tilapia skin is fluffy for the first time, so that the tilapia skin becomes a porous structure; moreover, by adding the acid solution/alkali solution, because the reaction of the acid solution/alkali solution and the water in the fish skin is an exothermic reaction, the generated heat and negative pressure are in a state, so that the water in the fish skin can expand and even be directly gasified, the fish skin is further fluffy, namely, fluffy for the second time, under the condition of stirring, the acid solution/alkali solution can further enter the fish skin through a fluffy structure to react with the fat, so that more fat is dissolved, and then the fish skin is further fluffy, namely fluffy for the third time; meanwhile, acid and water in the acid solution can dissolve and remove the water-soluble ash and the acid-soluble ash; finally, the fish skin is finally degreased through the nonionic surfactant, after the fish skin is fluffed for the first three times, the inside of the fish skin is basically and completely fiberized, and gaps are larger, so that the final degreasing is conveniently performed by a degreasing agent which has larger groups and stronger degreasing capability and is the nonionic surfactant; compared with the traditional processing mode, the processing time is shorter, the process is simpler, the acid solution or the alkali solution can be selected randomly and can be used, and the degreasing and deliming effects are better.
Further, the volume fraction of the acid solution is 3.5-4.5%.
Further, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid.
Further, the mass percentage concentration of the alkali solution is 0.3% -0.5%.
Further, the alkali solution is sodium hydroxide.
Further, the "stirring" includes:
the stirring speed is 3-10r/min, and the rotating direction is changed once per minute.
Furthermore, the nonionic surfactant is added and ultrasonic cleaning is carried out simultaneously.
From the above description, through ultrasonic cleaning, with nonionic surfactant as the medium, can make things convenient for the motion of group, enter into the clearance of fish skin easily in react with fat and ash content, also can emulsify the bubble into the fat heating simultaneously, the convenient separation, and then promote the effect of degrease deliming.
Further, the nonionic surfactant is NP-10 with the volume fraction of 1%.
As can be seen from the above description, the NP-10 is one of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, and NP-10 is a polymer grafted with 10 ethylene oxides.
Further, the vacuum degree in the sealed container is less than-81.2 kpa under the negative pressure.
As can be seen from the above description, by controlling the vacuum degree to be less than-81.2 kpa, at which the boiling temperature of water is 60 ℃, which is also the critical point of protein denaturation, the acidic/alkaline solution is prevented from reacting with water on the fish skin to generate heat to denature the fish skin protein, and the cooked fish skin is prevented from being cooked.
Referring to fig. 1, a tilapia skin deliming and degreasing device comprises
The device comprises a sealed
the
the device comprises a
the
the
and a controller which controls the operations of the
GB/T5009.6-2016 (determination of fat in national food safety standards), GB/T5009.4-2016 (determination of ash in national food safety standards) and GB/5009.5-2016 (determination of protein in national food safety standards) are adopted for testing fat and ash in tilapia skin in all examples of the application, wherein the determination of ash in national food safety standards adopts the determination of total ash in the first-law food by the mass of a sample. GB/5009.5-2016 (national food safety Standard) protein determination adopts a second method spectrophotometry, and the protein loss rate calculation formula in the application is 1-
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