阅读说明：本技术 一种车载集中配电式并联电池管理系统 (Vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution type parallel battery management system ) 是由 冯代伟 黄平江 李梦圆 秦鹏涛 陈文冲 吴献钢 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种车载集中配电式并联电池管理系统,涉及电池管理系统。包括配电箱,以及至少一个电池模组,所述配电箱通过共直流母线并行连接各个电池模组；所述配电箱包括DC/DC电源模块、常闭热继电器、常开热继电器、电流传感器和散热风扇,以及与电池模组数量相等的接触器及其控制线圈、熔断器和直流母线插座,所述接触器、熔断器和直流母线插座分别依次电连接,且所述接触器与对应的电池模组连接；所述电池模组包括BMS控制器、电池组和动力回路插头。本发明提高了并联电池组及其管理系统的使用安全性和便利性,集中配电不仅方便了控制部分的功耗管理,还方便对功率器件进行热管理；再者,还有利于关键部件的更换维修,使系统更便于使用和维护。(The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution type parallel battery management system, and relates to a battery management system. The distribution box is connected with each battery module in parallel through a common direct current bus; the distribution box comprises a DC/DC power supply module, normally closed thermal relays, normally open thermal relays, a current sensor, a cooling fan, contactors, control coils of the contactors, fuses and direct-current bus sockets, wherein the contactors are equal to the battery modules in number, the control coils of the contactors, the fuses and the direct-current bus sockets are sequentially and electrically connected, and the contactors are connected with the corresponding battery modules; the battery module comprises a BMS controller, a battery pack and a power loop plug. The invention improves the use safety and convenience of the parallel battery pack and the management system thereof, and the centralized power distribution not only facilitates the power consumption management of the control part, but also facilitates the heat management of the power device; moreover, the system is beneficial to replacement and maintenance of key components, so that the system is more convenient to use and maintain.)

1. A vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution type parallel battery management system comprises a distribution box and at least one battery module, wherein the distribution box is connected with each battery module through a common direct current bus, and the distribution box and the battery modules are two spatially independent devices;

the battery module includes: the system comprises a BMS controller, a battery pack and a direct current bus plug, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack are correspondingly connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus plug, the BMS controller is connected with the battery pack to acquire voltage data of each battery cell, temperature data in the battery pack and charging and discharging current data of the battery pack and process the acquired data to realize the on-off control functions of state estimation, thermal management, fault early warning and alarming of the battery pack and power output of a battery module;

the block terminal includes: DC/DC power module, normally closed thermal relay, normally open thermal relay, current sensor, radiator fan, start button, start protection diode, with the battery module connection module that equals in quantity, connection module includes: the direct current bus socket comprises a contactor, a control coil of the contactor, a fuse and a direct current bus socket, wherein the negative electrode of the direct current bus socket is connected with the negative electrode line of a direct current bus, the positive electrode of the direct current bus socket is connected with one end of the contactor through the fuse, and the other end of the contactor is connected with the positive electrode line of the direct current bus; the current sensor is arranged on a negative electrode wire of the direct current bus; the positive pole and the negative pole of the input end of the DC/DC power supply module are correspondingly connected with the positive pole line and the negative pole line of the direct current bus, the positive pole of the input end of the DC/DC power supply module is connected with the positive pole of the direct current bus socket in any one connecting module through the starting button, and a starting protection diode is arranged between the positive pole of the input end of the DC/DC power supply module and the positive pole line of the direct current bus to prevent electric power from being output to the direct current bus through the switched-on starting button; the output end is divided into four power supply branches, and the first branch supplies power to a BMS controller in the battery module; the second branch supplies power to the display module; the third branch circuit supplies power to the cooling fan after being connected with the normally open thermal relay in series; the fourth branch circuit supplies power to a control coil of a contactor in the connecting module after being connected with the normally closed thermal relay in series; the normally closed thermal relay is automatically disconnected after the temperature is higher than a Q1 threshold value, the normally open thermal relay is automatically connected after the temperature is higher than a Q2 threshold value, and Q1 is more than Q2; the sensing data of the current sensor is transmitted to BMS controllers in any battery module, and the BMS controllers share the sensing data of the current sensor through a CAN bus; and the control coil of the contactor in the connecting module is controlled by the BMS controller in the battery pack correspondingly connected with the connecting module.

2. The vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution parallel battery management system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DC/DC power module is a single isolated DC/DC power module.

3. The vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution parallel battery management system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contactor is a dual-contact type direct current contactor.

4. The vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution parallel battery management system of claim 1, further comprising a display module, wherein the display module comprises a display controller and a display and is powered by the DC/DC module of the power distribution box, the display module is configured to communicate with the BMS controllers in the battery modules for data interaction and parameter configuration of the BMS controllers, and the display module is configured to display various information of the batteries in the battery modules.

5. The vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution parallel battery management system of claim 1, wherein when the BMS controller determines that the vehicle is stationary through monitoring the voltage and current variation of the battery, the BMS controller starts timing, and when the timing reaches a preset value, each BMS controller disconnects its corresponding contactor in the power distribution box, thereby disconnecting the power input to the DC/DC power module and cutting off the power supply of the system.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a battery management system, in particular to a centralized power distribution type parallel battery management system.

Background

At present, the mainstream grouping mode of the battery pack of the electric vehicle is a mode of firstly connecting in parallel and then connecting in series, as shown in fig. 3, in the mode, n battery cells are firstly connected in parallel to play a role of increasing capacity and are used as a unit, and then m units are connected in series to promote the voltage to a voltage platform meeting the system requirements. Although this method is convenient for battery management, the topology and the battery capacity are often invariable when in application, and it is difficult to expand the battery. In the situation that the battery pack is convenient to expand, a connection mode of first connecting in series and then connecting in parallel is needed as shown in fig. 4, wherein m electric cores are firstly connected in series to increase the voltage to a voltage platform meeting the system requirement to serve as a sub-module, and then n modules are connected in parallel to achieve a grouping mode of increasing the capacity. The connection mode can be expanded only by increasing or reducing the number of the sub-modules, is convenient to use, and can bring the problem of complex supervision of the battery pack.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention designs a centralized power distribution type parallel battery management system, thereby solving the problems of difficult expansion of a battery pack or complex supervision of the battery pack in the background technology.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a vehicle-mounted centralized power distribution type parallel battery management system comprises a distribution box and at least one battery module, wherein the distribution box is connected with each battery module through a common direct current bus, and the distribution box and the battery modules are two spatially independent devices;

the battery module includes: the system comprises a BMS controller, a battery pack and a direct current bus plug, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack are correspondingly connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus plug, the BMS controller is connected with the battery pack to acquire voltage data of each battery cell, temperature data in the battery pack and charging and discharging current data of the battery pack and process the acquired data to realize the on-off control functions of state estimation, thermal management, fault early warning and alarming of the battery pack and power output of a battery module;

the block terminal includes: DC/DC power module, normally closed thermal relay, normally open thermal relay, current sensor, radiator fan, start button, start protection diode, with the battery module connection module that equals in quantity, connection module includes: the direct current bus socket comprises a contactor, a control coil of the contactor, a fuse and a direct current bus socket, wherein the negative electrode of the direct current bus socket is connected with the negative electrode line of a direct current bus, the positive electrode of the direct current bus socket is connected with one end of the contactor through the fuse, and the other end of the contactor is connected with the positive electrode line of the direct current bus; the current sensor is arranged on a negative electrode wire of the direct current bus; the positive pole and the negative pole of the input end of the DC/DC power supply module are correspondingly connected with the positive pole line and the negative pole line of the direct current bus, the positive pole of the input end of the DC/DC power supply module is connected with the positive pole of the direct current bus socket in any one connecting module through the starting button, and a starting protection diode is arranged between the positive pole of the input end of the DC/DC power supply module and the positive pole line of the direct current bus to prevent electric power from being output to the direct current bus through the switched-on starting button; the output end is divided into four power supply branches, and the first branch supplies power to a BMS controller in the battery module; the second branch supplies power to the display module; the third branch circuit supplies power to the cooling fan after being connected with the normally open thermal relay in series; the fourth branch circuit supplies power to a control coil of a contactor in the connecting module after being connected with the normally closed thermal relay in series; the normally closed thermal relay is automatically disconnected after the temperature is higher than a Q1 threshold value, the normally open thermal relay is automatically connected after the temperature is higher than a Q2 threshold value, and Q1 is more than Q2; the sensing data of the current sensor is transmitted to BMS controllers in any battery module, and the BMS controllers share the sensing data of the current sensor through a CAN bus; the control coil of the contactor in the connecting module is controlled by the BMS controller in the battery pack correspondingly connected with the connecting module;

further, the DC/DC power module is a single isolated DC/DC power module.

Further, the contactor is a double-contact direct current contactor.

Further, still include the display module, the display module includes display controller and display to by the DC/DC module power supply of block terminal, in the display module, the display controller communicates with the BMS controller in each battery module for carry out data interaction and parameter configuration to each BMS controller, the display module is arranged in various information of the battery of display battery module.

Furthermore, when the BMS controllers judge that the vehicle is in a static state through monitoring the voltage and current change condition of the battery, timing is started, and after the timing reaches a preset value, each BMS controller can disconnect the corresponding contactor in the distribution box, so that the power supply input of the DC/DC power supply module is disconnected, and the power supply of the system is cut off.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

a) the system topology structure and the structure of the battery box are simplified: after the centralized distribution box is adopted, only the battery and the BMS main control circuit board are arranged in the battery box, and the installation mode and space do not need to be designed for the contactor and the fuse;

b) the power device is convenient to be thermally managed: each power device is centrally installed and distributed in the distribution box, so that the heat of the power devices is conveniently monitored and controlled, and the use safety and reliability of the system are improved;

c) the centralized power distribution is convenient to be used as power consumption management of a control part: all control parts in the system adopt a uniform power supply to supply power, and the power consumption of control parts under the condition that the vehicle is static is reduced to zero through a static overtime shutdown mechanism;

d) the replacement and maintenance of key parts are facilitated, and the system is more convenient to use and maintain.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a centralized parallel battery management system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a centralized power control box;

FIG. 3 is a parallel-then-series electric vehicle PACK mode;

fig. 4 is a PACK mode of an electric vehicle in which series connection is performed first and then parallel connection is performed.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The system adopts a mode of firstly connecting in series and then connecting in parallel, namely, firstly connecting the battery cores in series to form the battery modules meeting the voltage requirement, and then connecting a plurality of battery modules in parallel to form the power battery system meeting the capacity requirement. And each battery module is respectively subjected to cell voltage detection, distributed temperature detection, on-off control and overcurrent protection, and a control power supply is provided by the power battery system after voltage transformation through the DC/DC power supply module.

The centralized power distribution control is realized by intensively placing a contactor for switching on and off batteries, a fuse for overcurrent protection and a system power supply in a distribution box, installing components originally distributed in each battery box together, and replacing complicated wiring harnesses originally distributed in the battery boxes by copper bars. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the centralized power control box includes a DC/DC power module, a contactor, a fuse, a cooling fan, a normally closed thermal relay, a normally open thermal relay, a current sensor, a DC bus, a start button, and a start protection diode; wherein as electrical control part, the group battery link module that comprises contactor, fuse and direct current bus socket, its quantity equals with battery module quantity, includes the system of 3 battery modules, concentrates and is equipped with 3 group battery link module in the block terminal. And after receiving the control signal of the BMS controller installed in the corresponding battery module, the control coil of the contactor controls the on-off of the corresponding module. The fuse plays overcurrent protection, can make its disconnection when the electric current of battery module is too big or external short circuit, consequently can be outside the control of battery pipe system, plays another layer safety protection effect. Radiator fan gives the incasement part heat dissipation under normally opening thermal relay's control, for example when concentrating block terminal temperature and surpassing 50 ℃, normally opening thermal relay is closed, starts the fan and dispels the heat, and automatic disconnection and then stop the heat dissipation when the temperature is less than 45 ℃. The normally closed thermal relay cuts off the power output of the whole system when the temperature of the centralized distribution box is too high, for example, when the temperature of the centralized distribution box exceeds 75 ℃, the normally closed thermal relay is disconnected, and then each contactor is disconnected, so that the power output of the battery modules which are connected in parallel is cut off, and the purpose of safety protection is achieved.

In order to reduce the power consumption of a control part when a vehicle is in a standing state to the maximum extent and prolong the standby time of the vehicle, the system adopts a standing overtime shutdown mechanism, when a BMS controller judges that the vehicle is in the standing state through monitoring the voltage and current change condition of a battery, timing can be started, and after the timing reaches a preset value of 30 minutes for example, the BMS controller can disconnect a corresponding contactor in power distribution, so that the power supply input to a DC/DC power supply module is disconnected, and the power supply of the control system is cut off. When the system is started, a driver presses a start button to connect the system for supplying power, once the system is electrified, the BMS controller is connected with a corresponding contactor in the distribution box to take over a power supply, and at the moment, the driver can release the button to finish the starting process. The starting protection diode can prevent large current from being output from the direct current bus through a starting button after being switched on, and the DC/DC module is not influenced to get electricity from the direct current bus after the system is started.

In embodiments of the present invention, thermal management of the present system is primarily concerned with thermal management of the battery itself and thermal management of the electrical box. (1) For the heat management of the battery, the charging and discharging states of the battery pack are mainly controlled by integrating the internal temperature of the battery box and the vehicle state, and the cooling fan and the heating part in the battery box are also started when necessary, so that the internal temperature of the battery box is actively regulated, the battery can be ensured to work safely and reliably in an ideal temperature environment, and the part is mainly completed by the BMS controller. (2) To the thermal management of concentrating the block terminal, mainly by install thermal relay and radiator fan in the block terminal, when the temperature was crossed thermal relay's setting value, thermal relay can open the fan automatically, realizes dispelling the heat fast.

In the embodiment of the invention, the system adopts a single isolated DC/DC power supply module to directly take power from a DC bus and output a stable DC power supply to all control parts for battery management. In addition, the contactor adopts a double-contact type direct current contactor with high voltage bias and arc extinguishing function.

The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically.