阅读说明：本技术 用于电动车辆的防亏电系统和车辆 (Anti-power-shortage system for electric vehicle and vehicle ) 是由 李学光 冯修奇 李乐乐 于 2020-12-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种用于电动车辆的防亏电系统和车辆,所述防亏电系统包括：蓄电池,所述蓄电池与所述电动车辆的低压用电附件相连；动力电池,所述动力电池与所述电动车辆的驱动电机相连,且所述动力电池与所述蓄电池之间通过DCDC相连；电量传感器,电量传感器设置于蓄电池且用于检测蓄电池的电量；控制结构,控制结构分别与电量传感器、动力电池相连,控制结构在电源挡位处于OFF挡位且在电量传感器反馈低电量信号时控制动力电池向蓄电池充电、而在电量传感器反馈高电量信号时控制动力电池停止向蓄电池充电。本申请的用于电动车辆的防亏电系统,可保证蓄电池始终处于充电的电量状态,以使蓄电池始终有对整车启动的能力,降低蓄电池亏电的风险。(The application discloses prevent insufficient voltage system and vehicle for electric vehicle, prevent insufficient voltage system includes: the storage battery is connected with a low-voltage electric accessory of the electric vehicle; the power battery is connected with a driving motor of the electric vehicle, and the power battery is connected with the storage battery through DCDC; the electric quantity sensor is arranged on the storage battery and is used for detecting the electric quantity of the storage battery; and the control structure is respectively connected with the electric quantity sensor and the power battery, and the control structure controls the power battery to charge the storage battery when the power supply gear is in the OFF gear and the electric quantity sensor feeds back a low electric quantity signal, and controls the power battery to stop charging the storage battery when the electric quantity sensor feeds back a high electric quantity signal. The utility model provides a prevent insufficient voltage system for electric vehicle can guarantee that the battery is in the electric quantity state that charges all the time to make the battery have the ability to whole car start-up all the time, reduce the risk of battery insufficient voltage.)

1. A deficit prevention system (1) for an electric vehicle, characterized by comprising:

a battery (11), the battery (11) being connected to low-voltage electric accessories of the electric vehicle (100);

the power battery (12), the power battery (12) is connected with a driving motor of the electric vehicle (100), and the power battery (12) is connected with the storage battery (11) through DCDC;

the electric quantity sensor (14) is arranged on the storage battery (11) and is used for detecting the electric quantity of the storage battery (11);

control structure (16), control structure (16) respectively with electric quantity sensor (14) power battery (12) link to each other, control structure (16) are in the power supply position is in the OFF position and is in control when electric quantity sensor (14) feed back low battery signal power battery (12) to battery (11) charge, and control when electric quantity sensor (14) feed back high battery signal power battery (12) stop to battery (11) charge.

2. The electricity shortage prevention system (1) for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the power battery (12) is provided below a floor panel (22) of the electric vehicle (100), the storage battery (11) is provided in a front cabin (21) of the electric vehicle (100), and a charging wire between the storage battery (11) and the power battery (12) is led out from a front end face of the power battery (12) and penetrates into the front cabin (21) to be connected to the storage battery (11).

3. The brown-out prevention system (1) for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that a charging terminal of the power battery (12) is disposed at a front portion of the front cabin (21).

4. The electrical shortage prevention system (1) for an electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the drive motor is provided at the front axle and a power supply line (24) is provided between the front end face of the power battery (12).

5. The electricity shortage prevention system (1) for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the power battery (12) is provided below a floor (22) of the electric vehicle (100), the storage battery (11) is provided on a floor of a trunk (23) of the electric vehicle (100), and a charging wire between the storage battery (11) and the power battery (12) is led out from a rear end face of the power battery (12) and penetrates into the trunk to be connected to the storage battery (11).

6. The brown-out prevention system (1) for an electric vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that a charging terminal of the power battery (12) is disposed at a rear portion of a vehicle body side surface of the electric vehicle (100).

7. The anti-deficit system (1) for electric vehicles according to claim 5, characterised in that the drive motor is provided at the rear axle and between the rear end face of the power battery (12) and a supply line (24) is provided.

8. The electrical deficit prevention system (1) for electric vehicles according to claim 1, further comprising: temperature sensor (15), temperature sensor (15) are used for detecting the ambient temperature of battery (11), temperature sensor (15) with control structure (16) link to each other, electric quantity sensor (14) detect discontinuously the electric quantity of battery (11).

9. The anti-loss system (1) for electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the frequency of interruption of the charge of the battery (11) detected by the charge sensor (14) varies positively in relation to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (15).

10. An electric vehicle (100) characterized by comprising the brown-out prevention system (1) for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1-9.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of vehicle manufacturing technology, and more particularly, to a power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle and a vehicle having the same.

Background

Most battery designs on the market at present satisfy vehicle 1 month parking time, and the battery insufficient voltage risk of parking in excess of time increases, and wherein, the whole car that the uncertain factor of vehicle leads to does not sleep to and leave back part electricity still at operating condition at the car owner, all can lead to the battery to have the insufficient voltage risk. So make the condition of insufficient voltage easily appear in the battery, cause and can't start the vehicle through the battery power supply, need provide external power source alone and just can start the vehicle, use for the customer and cause very big inconvenience, have the improved space.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art. To this end, an object of the present application is to provide a power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle, which can supply power to a storage battery timely to avoid the occurrence of a power shortage of the storage battery and ensure that the vehicle can be started safely.

A power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application includes: the storage battery is connected with a low-voltage electric accessory of the electric vehicle; the power battery is connected with a driving motor of the electric vehicle, and the power battery is connected with the storage battery through DCDC; the electric quantity sensor is arranged on the storage battery and is used for detecting the electric quantity of the storage battery; control structure, control structure respectively with electric quantity sensor power battery links to each other, control structure is in the power keeps OFF the position and is in electric quantity sensor controls when feeding back low electric quantity signal power battery to the battery charges, and is in when electric quantity sensor feeds back high electric quantity signal power battery stops to the battery charges.

According to the insufficient power prevention system for the electric vehicle, through the electric quantity to the battery obtaining and judging to the electric quantity state of analysis battery in a flexible way, thereby in time charge when the electric quantity of battery is low excessively and stop charging when the electric quantity is sufficient, can guarantee that the battery is in the electric quantity state of charging all the time, so that the battery has the ability to start to the whole vehicle all the time, reduces the risk of battery insufficient power, prolongs the life of battery.

According to some embodiments of the present application, the power battery is disposed under a floor of the electric vehicle, the storage battery is disposed in a front cabin of the electric vehicle, and a charging wire between the storage battery and the power battery is led out from a front end face of the power battery and penetrates into the front cabin to be connected with the storage battery.

According to the brown-out prevention system for an electric vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application, the charging terminal of the power battery is disposed at the front of the front cabin.

According to the anti-shortage system for the electric vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application, the driving motor is provided at the front axle and with the power battery is provided with a power supply line between the front end faces.

According to the power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application, the power battery is disposed under a floor of the electric vehicle, the storage battery is disposed on a floor of a trunk room of the electric vehicle, and a charging wire between the storage battery and the power battery is drawn out from a rear end face of the power battery and penetrates into the trunk room to be connected with the storage battery.

According to the power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle of some embodiments of the present application, the charging terminal of the power battery is disposed at the rear of the vehicle body side of the electric vehicle.

According to the anti-shortage system for the electric vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application, the driving motor is provided at the rear axle and with the power battery is provided with a power supply line between the rear end faces.

The power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application, further comprising: the temperature sensor is used for detecting the ambient temperature of the storage battery, the temperature sensor is connected with the control structure, and the electric quantity sensor detects the electric quantity of the storage battery discontinuously.

According to the power shortage prevention system for an electric vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application, the power sensor detects that the intermittent frequency of the battery power varies in positive correlation with the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

The application also discloses an electric vehicle.

According to the electric vehicle of this application embodiment, include the protection against loss of power system for electric vehicle of any one of above-mentioned embodiment.

The advantages of the electric vehicle and the above-mentioned power shortage prevention system are the same as those of the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a brown-out prevention system according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a control logic diagram of a brown-out prevention system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application (provided with the power shortage prevention system of the first embodiment);

fig. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application (provided with a second embodiment of the power shortage prevention system).

Reference numerals:

in the electric-powered vehicle 100, a vehicle body,

the electricity shortage prevention system 1, the storage battery 11, the power battery 12, the electric quantity sensor 14, the temperature sensor 15, the control structure 16, the vehicle body controller 161, the electronic control unit 162,

a front nacelle 21, a floor 22, a back box 23, and a power supply line 24.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

Unless otherwise specified, the front-rear direction in the present application is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, i.e., the X direction; the left and right directions are the transverse direction of the vehicle, namely the Y direction; the up-down direction is the vertical direction of the vehicle, i.e., the Z direction.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an electricity shortage prevention system 1 for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application will be described, wherein the electricity shortage prevention system 1 is capable of charging a storage battery 11 in time when the storage battery 11 needs to be replenished with electricity, so as to ensure that the storage battery 11 does not suffer from electricity shortage, and improve the safety and reliability of the use of the storage battery 11.

As shown in fig. 1, a power shortage prevention system 1 for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application includes: the device comprises a storage battery 11, a power battery 12, a charge sensor 14 and a control structure 16.

Here, the battery 11 is connected to the low-voltage electric accessories of the electric vehicle 100 so that the battery 11 can supply power to the low-voltage electric accessories of the electric vehicle 100 to maintain normal operation of the low-voltage electric accessories. For example, the low voltage power accessories may be conventional power consuming devices in the vehicle, such as in-vehicle control lights and various control switches, including, for example, the start switch of the vehicle. That is, under the condition that the electric quantity in the storage battery 11 is sufficient, the in-vehicle control lamp and other control switches of the vehicle can be ensured to be in a normal operation state, for example, the starting switch of the vehicle can be effectively operated under the condition that the storage battery 11 is sufficient, so that the vehicle can be reliably started, and the normal use of the vehicle by a user can be ensured.

As shown in fig. 1, the power battery 12 is connected to a driving motor of the electric vehicle 100, and the power battery 12 is connected to the storage battery 11 through a DCDC (converter), that is, the power battery 12 can be used for supplying power to the driving motor of the electric vehicle 100 to drive the vehicle to enter a driving state, so as to meet the driving requirement of a user, and meanwhile, the power battery 12 can output electric energy to the storage battery 11 through the DCDC, that is, the storage battery 11 supplies power to the power battery 12 in the vehicle, and an external supplementary power supply is not required to be separately provided, which is beneficial to reducing the charging cost and reducing the operation difficulty.

As shown in fig. 1, the electric quantity sensor 14 is disposed on the storage battery 11 and is used for detecting the electric quantity of the storage battery 11, and the electric quantity sensor 14 may be mounted on the peripheral wall of the storage battery 11 to be in direct contact with the storage battery 11, so as to more accurately determine the remaining electric quantity in the storage battery 11, and it can be understood that when the storage battery 11 is charged, the remaining electric quantity in the storage battery 11 may be first obtained through the electric quantity sensor 14 to be used for determining whether the storage battery 11 has a charging demand, so as to charge the storage battery 11 at a proper time.

The control structure 16 is respectively connected with the electric quantity sensor 14 and the power battery 12, and the control structure 16 controls the power battery 12 to charge the storage battery 11 when the power supply gear position is in the OFF gear position and the electric quantity sensor 14 feeds back a low electric quantity signal, and controls the power battery 12 to stop charging the storage battery 11 when the electric quantity sensor 14 feeds back a high electric quantity signal.

That is, the electric quantity sensor 14 is electrically connected to the control structure 16, and the electric quantity sensor 14 can send the detected electric quantity value of the storage battery 11 to the control structure 16, so that the control structure 16 can judge and analyze the received electric quantity value, and can control the current output state of the power battery 12 according to the judgment result of the electric quantity value.

It should be noted that the control structure 16 in the present application includes a vehicle body controller 161 and an electronic control unit 162, and the vehicle body controller 161 and the electronic control unit 162 are electrically connected to each other, so that the vehicle body controller 161 can output a related control signal to the electronic control unit 162, so that the vehicle body controller 161 and the electronic control unit 162 are used together for controlling the charging state of the battery 11.

In a specific implementation, when the vehicle is in a stopped state, as shown in fig. 2, the state of charge of the battery 11 is detected by the charge sensor 14 to acquire the remaining charge of the battery 11.

Wherein, when the electric quantity sensor 14 acquires the low electric quantity fed back by the storage battery 11, if the electric quantity sensor 14 detects that the actual electric quantity value of the storage battery 11 is less than 60% of the total electric quantity, at this moment, the vehicle body controller 161 is waken up, and the vehicle body controller 161 requests the electronic control unit 162 to charge, further, the electronic control unit 162 controls the electric battery 12 to charge towards the storage battery 11 through the DCDC, so as to supplement the electric quantity in the storage battery 11, thereby ensure that the electric quantity in the storage battery 11 is not less than 60% of the total electric quantity, further ensure that the storage battery 11 is always in a stable and reliable state, avoid the condition of insufficient power of the storage battery 11, and prolong the service life.

And in the process that the power battery 12 charges the storage battery 11, the electric quantity in the storage battery 11 is detected through the electric quantity sensor 14, and when the actual electric quantity value of the storage battery 11 detected by the electric quantity sensor 14 is greater than 80% of the total electric quantity, at this time, the storage battery 11 has a condition that the electricity shortage is not easy to occur and normal operation of low-voltage electric accessories in the vehicle can be maintained, the vehicle body controller 161 sends a charging stop request to the electronic control unit 162, and after receiving the request, the electronic control unit 162 controls the state of the DCDC to disconnect the electric connection between the power battery 12 and the storage battery 11, so that the power battery 12 stops outputting the electric quantity into the storage battery 11, thereby ensuring that the storage battery 11 always has sufficient electric quantity to maintain the operation of the low-voltage electric accessories, such as ensuring that the vehicle can be started normally.

Therefore, the electric shortage prevention system 1 can keep the electric quantity value of the storage battery 11 between 60% and 80% of the total electric quantity all the time, so that the condition of electric shortage of the storage battery 11 can be avoided.

According to the insufficient power prevention system 1 for electric vehicle of the embodiment of the application, through the electric quantity to battery 11 obtaining and judging to the electric quantity state of analysis battery 11 in a flexible way, thereby in time charge and stop charging when the electric quantity is sufficient when the electric quantity of battery 11 is low excessively, can guarantee that battery 11 is in the electric quantity state of charging all the time, so that battery 11 has the ability to start the whole vehicle all the time, reduce the risk of battery 11 insufficient power, prolong battery 11's life.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the power cell 12 is disposed below the floor panel 22 of the electric vehicle 100, the storage battery 11 is disposed in the front cabin 21 of the electric vehicle 100, and the charging line between the storage battery 11 and the power cell 12 is led out from the front end face of the power cell 12 and penetrates into the front cabin 21 to be connected to the storage battery 11.

That is to say, as shown in fig. 3, the storage battery 11 and the power battery 12 in the present application are sequentially arranged in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, that is, the storage battery 11 is arranged in front of the power battery 12, wherein the engine and the related equipment of the engine are installed in the front cabin 21, and in the present application, the storage battery 11 is arranged in the front cabin 21 and connected with the power battery 12, so that not only the storage battery 11 can supply power to the starting switch of the engine, so that the vehicle can be normally started to operate, but also the wire harness arrangement between the power battery 12 and the storage battery 11 is facilitated, and simultaneously the problem of vehicle weight concentration in the longitudinal direction is facilitated to be solved, so that the weight of the vehicle at each position in.

It can be understood that the low-voltage electric-attached devices in the vehicle are mostly integrated in the hollow area of the vehicle and the front cabin 21 of the vehicle, and in this embodiment, the storage battery 11 is disposed in the front cabin 21, which is beneficial to electrically connecting the storage battery 11 with the low-voltage electric-attached devices, reducing the number of the connection wire harnesses, and reducing the cost of disposing the wire harnesses.

In some embodiments, the charging terminal of the power battery 12 is disposed in the front of the front cabin 21, so that the user can conveniently perform a plugging operation on the charging terminal, when the user charges the power battery 12, the front of the vehicle can face towards the charging pile, and an external charging gun is directly plugged and matched with the charging terminal of the power battery 12, so as to reduce the charging difficulty of the user, and the distance between the charging terminal of the power battery 12 and the storage battery 11 is smaller, so that when the charging terminal of the power battery 12 and the storage battery 11 are electrically connected through a connection harness, a shorter connection harness can be used for connection, and the use cost of the connection harness is favorably reduced.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the driving motor is disposed at the front axle and the power supply line 24 is disposed between the driving motor and the front end face of the power battery 12, i.e. the electric shortage preventing system 1 is suitable for a front-drive vehicle, and during the running of the vehicle, the electric energy in the power battery 12 can be output to the driving motor through the power supply line 24 on the front end face thereof, so that the driving motor can drive the front wheels, thereby realizing the driving of the vehicle.

In other embodiments, the power cell 12 is disposed below the floor panel 22 of the electric vehicle 100, the storage battery 11 is disposed on the floor panel of the rear compartment 23 of the electric vehicle 100, and a charging wire between the storage battery 11 and the power cell 12 is led out from the rear end face of the power cell 12 and penetrates into the rear compartment 23 to be connected to the storage battery 11.

That is, as shown in fig. 4, the power battery 12 and the storage battery 11 in the present application are arranged in sequence in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, that is, the storage battery 11 is arranged behind the power battery 12, wherein the engine and the related equipment of the engine are installed in the front cabin 21, and the storage battery 11 is arranged on the floor of the trunk 23 in the present application, so that the engine, the power battery 12 and the storage battery 11 are arranged in sequence in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, so that the counterweight at each position of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction is balanced, the problem that the counterweight at a local position of the vehicle is too large to cause the breakage of the vehicle body is not caused, and the space in the vehicle is reasonably used, and the problem that the front or rear of the vehicle is excessively crowded.

It can be understood that the low-voltage electric devices inside the vehicle are mostly integrated in the hollow area of the vehicle and the front cabin 21 of the vehicle, and in this embodiment, the storage battery 11 is disposed on the floor of the trunk 23, so that the connection harness between the storage battery 11 and the power battery 12 is prevented from being entangled with the related harness of the low-voltage electric devices, and the arrangement of the harness inside the vehicle is more reasonable.

The rear portion of power battery 12's charging terminal configuration in electric vehicle 100's automobile body side, the user of being convenient for carries out the grafting operation to the charging terminal, with when the user charges power battery 12, can fill electric pile with the rear portion orientation of vehicle, and directly with the cooperation of pegging graft of outside rifle that charges at power battery 12's charging terminal, with the degree of difficulty that reduces the user that charges, and the interval between power battery 12's charging terminal and the battery 11 is less, like this, when realizing the electricity with power battery 12's charging terminal and battery 11 through connecting the pencil, can adopt shorter connecting wire to connect, do benefit to the use cost who reduces connecting the pencil.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the drive motor is provided at the rear axle and a power supply line 24 is provided between the drive motor and the rear end face of the power battery 12. That is, the power shortage preventing system 1 is suitable for a vehicle with a rear engine, and during the running of the vehicle, the electric energy in the power battery 12 can be output to the driving motor through the power supply line 24 on the rear end face of the power battery, so that the driving motor can drive the rear wheels, and the vehicle can be driven.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the power shortage prevention system 1 for an electric vehicle further includes: a temperature sensor 15, the temperature sensor 15 is used for detecting the ambient temperature of the storage battery 11, the temperature sensor 15 is connected with the control structure 16, and the electric quantity sensor 14 detects the electric quantity of the storage battery 11 intermittently. If the temperature sensor 15 is disposed on the outer side surface of the storage battery 11 and spaced apart from the electric quantity sensor 14, the detection result of the temperature sensor 15 is sent to the control structure 16, so that the control structure 16 controls the electric quantity sensor 14 to control the detection frequency of the storage battery 11, and the charging requirement of the storage battery 11 is further met.

Wherein, the intermittent frequency of the electric quantity sensor 14 for detecting the electric quantity of the storage battery 11 changes with the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 15 in positive correlation. That is, when the charge sensor 14 detects the charge of the battery 11, the frequency of the interruption between two adjacent detections also gradually increases as the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor 15 increases.

If the ambient temperature value detected by the temperature sensor 15 is 2 ℃, the electric quantity of the storage battery 11 is detected once every 1 hour, and if the ambient temperature value detected by the temperature sensor 15 is 5 ℃, the electric quantity of the storage battery 11 is detected once every 1 half hour. It can be understood that, at lower ambient temperatures, the higher the energy consumption of the battery 11, the higher the interruption frequency, the more frequent the detection is for detecting the temperature of the battery 11 several times, and at higher ambient temperatures, the lower the energy consumption of the battery 11, the lower the interruption frequency, the correspondingly reduced detection times, so that the frequency of use of the electric quantity sensor 14 can reasonably match the actual state requirements of the battery 11, thereby improving the accuracy of use of the electricity shortage prevention system 1.

The present application also proposes an electric vehicle 100.

According to electric vehicle 100 of this application embodiment, including the electric shortage prevention system 1 for electric vehicle of any kind of above-mentioned embodiment, through acquireing and judging the electric quantity of battery 11 to the electric quantity state of battery 11 is analyzed in a flexible way, thereby in time charge and stop charging when the electric quantity is sufficient when the electric quantity of battery 11 is low excessively, can guarantee that battery 11 is in the electric quantity state of charging all the time, so that battery 11 has the ability of starting to the whole car all the time, reduce the risk of battery 11 insufficient voltage, the life of extension battery 11.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.

In the description of the present application, "the first feature" and "the second feature" may include one or more of the features.

In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more.

In the description of the present application, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features being in contact not directly but via another feature therebetween.

In the description of the present application, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature.

In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.