阅读说明：本技术 用于避免针对于与无线充电装备的精确对准的需要的经由射频环路的电动车辆充电 (For avoid the need for being directed to the electric vehicle charging via RF cycle precisely aligned with wireless charging equipment ) 是由 J.T.阿波斯托罗斯 W.穆约斯 于 2018-02-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：电动车辆中的环形天线从车辆外部的源、诸如从射频(RF)发射器无线地接收能量。使用射频环形天线来既传送功率又接收功率大大减小对于对准车辆与充电站装备的需要。(Loop aerial in electric vehicle wirelesslys receive energy from the source of outside vehicle, such as from radio frequency (RF) transmitter.Using radio frequency loop aerial come not only delivering power but also receive power greatly reduce for alignment vehicle and charging station equipment needs.)

1. a kind of device for for electric vehicle charging, comprising:

First has wire loop antenna, is disposed in vehicle；

Second has wire loop antenna, is arranged in below vehicle and wirelessly transmits from source of radio frequency energy to first antenna Energy；

Wherein the first diameter for having wire loop antenna is at least three times of the second diameter for having wire loop antenna；And

Being connected to the first or second has the automatic impedance of at least one in wire loop antenna to adjust circuit.

2. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein first and second to have each of wire loop antenna be that single turn is wired Loop.

3. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein furthermore adjusting circuit includes being coupled to described second to have wire loop day Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) detector and output impedance of line adjust circuit.

4. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein furthermore the adjusting circuit includes being connected to described first to have wire loop The detector and reception impedance adjustment circuit of shape antenna.

5. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein first wire loop is diametrically being three feet.

6. device according to claim 5, wherein second wire loop diametrically half foot with one foot it Between.

7. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein first wire loop is by metal tubular at the metal tube has Cross sectional dimensions between quarter inch and half inch.

8. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the source of radio frequency energy operates between 30 and 60MHz.

9. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein second loop aerial and source of radio frequency energy are packed in a floor mat.

10. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein furthermore the first annular antenna is coupled to environment power collects electricity Road.

11. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one or more dipole elements are disposed in the first wireless loop It is interior.

12. the apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

It is coupled to the VSWR instrument of the second wireless loop；

Detector is coupled to the output of the VSWR instrument to detect in the delivering power more than identified level Variation；And

Controller is coupled to disable source of radio frequency energy in response to detector.

Technical field

Present patent application is related to electric vehicle charging.

Summary of the invention

Single turn in electric vehicle, have wire loop (loop) antenna from the charging station source of outside vehicle, such as from radio frequency (RF) transmitter wirelesslys receive energy.Radiofrequency launcher can also by using single turn, have a wire loop antenna and transmit energy, The single turn has wire loop antenna slightly smaller than the loop aerial in vehicle in diametrically.Come using radio frequency loop aerial Not only delivering power but also receive power greatly reduce to the needs for precisely aligning vehicle and charging station.It is described arrangement thus have surpass Use the clear advantage of the conventional inductive charging system of inductance coil.

Detailed description of the invention

It is described below and is related to attached drawing, in the drawing:

Fig. 1 illustrates use single turn loop aerial to transmit energy from charging station for electric vehicle reception；

Fig. 2 is single turn loop aerial, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) the adjusting circuit on transmission side and the automatic day in receiving side The more detailed view of line tuning circuit；

Fig. 3 is another arrangement, detects obstacle, and shut down the conveyer in charging station；

Fig. 4 is a kind of implementation, reduces the effect of the environmental radiation leakage into passenger compartment；

Fig. 5 is the crossed dipoles addition for receiving antenna, is improved in power scavenging (power scavenging) mode Performance；And

Fig. 6 is the drawing of the offset spacers between compared to two loops (loop) of desired transmission efficiency.

Specific embodiment

As shown in fig. 1, electric vehicle 100 includes general circular, single turn, has wire loop antenna 110, automatic antenna tune Humorous device 112, rectifier 114 and energy storage device, such as one or more battery 116.Charging station 200 include it is another compared with Small single turn has wire loop antenna 210, is typically disposed on the ground level 211 below vehicle 100.Charging station 200 Further include radio frequency (RF) amplifier 212, RF frequency signal generator 214 and the connection 216 to power source, is such as handed over to main line The connection of galvanic electricity (AC) connection.

In one implementation, vehicle loop aerial 100 can be 0.25 inch of metal tube, diametrically approximate It is 3 feet.Vehicle loop aerial 110 can be the power autoeciously fed for carrying out self-charging antenna 210.

Charging loop aerial 210 can have smaller diameter slightly than vehicle loop aerial 110, such as in 0.5 and 1 English Between ruler.In a preferred embodiment, charging loop aerial is at most the one third of vehicle antenna 210.With diametrically The vehicle antenna 210 that autoeciously feeds more slightly greater than charging antenna 110 reduce for charging station 200 and vehicle 100 it Between crucial alignment needs.

Charging antenna 210 can actively be fed from amplifier 212, such as via micro-strip connection.

In one embodiment, energy is transmitted to from charging loop aerial 210 by vehicle ring with the radio frequency for approaching 50MHz Shape antenna 110；This can be in one of unauthorized radio band preferably in 49MHz range.However, with other radio frequencies Operation be possible.

For the radio frequency transmission in 50MHz or close to 50MHz, a people is expected to have such small size (in 0.5 He Between 1 foot) transmitting antenna 210 be relative inefficiencies radiator；Therefore its signal in far field (being more than several feet aways) Intensity will be substantially reduced.However, a potential advantage of the arrangement is: the vehicle 100 above vehicle loop aerial 110 If bottom or other assemblies mainly by metal or other conductive surfaces formed, will inherently behave as radio shielding.Vehicle 100 itself thus can be also used for decaying the RF energy emitted from charging antenna 210 in order to avoid leak into peripheral region.

Ground plane is acted also as with the metal bottom for the vehicle for receiving 110 tight spacing of loop, and thus serves as radio frequency Mirror is used to reflect the energy in 49-50MHz frequency range.The mirroring picture works to further increase efficiency.

In many implementations, the amount for desirably reducing the power being reflected back in conveyer amplifier 212 is closed, In other words, for minimizing voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).However, for charge loop 210 and vehicle loop 110 relative to that This different positioning, VSWR will be different.Thus, VSWR instrument 226 can be placed on transmission side to detect from charging The RF energy that loop 210 is reflected back.The output of VSWR instrument 226 feeds controller 230, and the controller 230 is then Control some attribute of amplifier 212, such as its output impedance.Any of analog or digital control technology can be used for pair Transmit the feedback control of VSWR.

Any of analog or digital technology can be used to be used to control by cloth in self-seeker 112 in vehicle side Set in vehicle loop aerial 110 or be arranged to the adjustable impedance adjacent with vehicle loop aerial 110.Automatic antenna tuner 112 positioning for furthermore permitting charging station loop aerial 210 are somewhat independently from the definite positioning of vehicle 100.It is automatic to receive tuner 112 thus eliminate otherwise possible heaviness, the things being difficult to realize, height required for the charging system using multiturn inductance coil Accurately positioning.Such inductance coil used in first system must be compatibly aligned each other properly to operate.

Fig. 2 be above antenna 110 and 210 acquired by view, wherein vehicle 100 and charging system 200 are without perfection Alignment.Adjustable impedance 120 is placed in a part of vehicle antenna 110 or is positioned to a part with vehicle antenna 110 It is adjacent.Directional coupler can be used in self-seeker 112 or some other kind of incident RF energy detector is examined to determine The power level measured, the impedance that then change adjustable impedance 120 is presented is until received energy is maximized. In charged side 200 and vehicle side 100 can also use additional component (not being shown), such as radio-frequency filter and/or Frequency tuner.

Fig. 2 also shows VSWR instrument 226, controls transmitting circuit 212.

Charging station loop 210 is thus surrounded and thus is aligned by vehicle loop 110 completely, or even in two loops 110,120 offset 18 inches or even more when.It is contemplated, however, that being even only overlapped simultaneously in vehicle loop 110 And not exclusively including energy can also be transmitted when charging station loop 210.

200 component of charging station can be encapsulated with various ways.They can for example be mounted at Residential garages Layer or electric vehicle 100 are usually parked in space therein.The component of charging station 200 can also be placed in portable appearance In device, such as flexible rubber pad.It is portable be padded on be can on the ground, it is available in the connection 216 for wherein arriving AC power source It is spread out in position.200 component of charging station can also be installed in pavement, close to stopping light, stopping mark or along other Road segments are electrically charged with permitting vehicle when it is in use.

In some implementations, it is therefore foreseen that, identical vehicle loop aerial 110 can be also used for receiving broadcast singal And those are connected to other assemblies, such as FM radio device (not being shown in the accompanying drawings).

May be present to certain worry below: with the transmission of the radio-frequency power of adequate level within the reasonable time for battery 116 chargings.The specific popular model of one of electronic vehicle is Tesla model X.Standard lithium ion battery in the vehicle The range that there is group 60kWh capacity to be used to generate 232 miles.If the function transmitted between single turn wire loop 210 and 110 The amount of rate be at least 10 hours one kilowatt, then the approximation 1/6 of the memory capacity of this battery that will provide for Tesla X, to lead Cause 30.7 miles of range.If the arrangement can be designed to transmit 6kW, battery within identical 10 hour period 116 will then be fully charged.

In certain environments, house pet, small wild animal, children or other objects can be possible in wire loop It walks between 110 and 210 or otherwise terminates.Additional circuit can detecte these (multiple) situations and safely close Stop charging station 200, as shown in Figure 3.Herein, with the radio of the separation transmission of different frequency and potential much lower power Signal can be generated by the second radio-frequency generator 224 and the second amplifier 222 and be coupled to identical transmitting antenna 210 In.Such as voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) instrument 228(its can be the VSWR identical or different with instrument 226 mentioned above Instrument) etc detector can then may be coupled to transmission loop 210 to detect the energy transmitted with second frequency In variation.When detecting such variation, it can be deduced that conclusion: these variations are by having occurred in loop aerial 110 and 210 Between toy or other undesirable objects presence caused by.In this example, controller 230 can make radio frequency raw Grow up to be a useful person 214 shut down or reduce its transmission radio-frequency power 214.Meanwhile controller can sound an alarm, activate visual detector, Application on the mobile phone of sending information message or activation vehicle operators, or there are obstacles in charging device 200 for initiation Certain other instruction.When the instruction interference of detector 226 is removed and/or operator indicates that safety condition is existing again It waits, controller 230 can then press normal operating radio-frequency generator 214 again.

It is then possible that needing to shut down the presence of the object of conveyer for detecting using other technologies.For example, with than Say that the infrared camera of 4 micron wave lengths operation can be used for detecting biological object in side.Acoustic sensor also can detecte depositing for object In.

In some cases, it may close for mankind's vehicle operators and desirably pacify during wireless charging operation It stays entirely in the car.Fig. 4 illustrates the situation, and wherein the mankind 400 are sitting in passenger compartment 401.According to previous each figure, fill Electric loop aerial 210 is by power feed to vehicle antenna 110.Radiation transparent surface 418(such as plastics or fibrous glass) protection Vehicle antenna 110 is from elements affect, and 410 part of bottom of chassis then prevents from carrying out self-charging antenna if it is metal Most of arrival passenger compartments 401 in 210 radiation.However, in some instances, at least some radiation may leak into passenger In compartment 401, to create field 420.Field 420 may be undesirably.In this example, other electronics is coupled to set Standby 415 field offsets antenna 425 and is placed in passenger compartment 401.Offset antenna 425 can by electronic equipment 415 control with Generation offsets field 430, and described to offset field 430 opposite and complementary with the field 420 leaked into compartment 401 in phase.Thus, Reduce exposure of the passenger to field 420.Offseting antenna 425 can be placed in and 110 phase of vehicle power receiving antenna in bottom Pair positioning in, such as close to roof.Although field 420 can be static state, and thus offset antenna 425 and electronic equipment 415 be in design it is fixed, but electronic equipment also can detecte such field 420 and correspondingly adapt to it is generated right Disappear field 430.

It can also realize parasitic power collection mode.Herein, when vehicle 100 cannot otherwise access charging station 210 When, the identical single turn loop 110 for receiving wireless power from charging station can be coupled to one or more radio frequencies Filter 130, and thus charged by ambient radio-frequency energy by resonance for battery 116.This can enable vehicles itself can It is enough to serve as antenna in parasitic power collection mode.It can estimate the effective area of the 10m2 at ultra-high frequency (UHF).In the scene In, with a distance from half mile from high power UHF TV station approximation, in-field can be about 4w/m2, thus make to be able to achieve The power scavenging charge rate of 40W.In this mode, for (multiple) filter 130 it may be preferred that be tuned to it is relatively narrow Frequency band (such as broadcast signal bandwidth) and/or including obtain circuit (having been not shown), the acquisitions circuit can scan one frequently Rate range and by (multiple) filter 130 be tuned to strong environment received signal strength frequency.

Fig. 5 shows the possible amplification for vehicle antenna 110.Herein, additional structure, such as one or more pairs of friendships Fork dipole element 510,520 can be disposed in round wire loop 110.Single turn loop 110 and dipole 510,520 in It is that can be fed to combinational circuit 530, for providing the polarization to energy and orienting the reception of unrelated (ORIAN).Referring to United States Patent (USP) 8,988,303, United States Patent (USP) 9,013,360 and/or " Super submitting, entitled on November 29th, 2016 Directive Array of Volumetric Antenna Elements for Wireless Device Applications ", Serial No. 15/362,988 Pending U.S. Patent Application and on June 20th, 2017 is submitting, Entitled " Low frequency rectenna system for wireless charging ", Serial No. 15/627, 779 U.S. Patent application (its is all incorporated herein from there through reference) is for using ORIAN antenna and combination electricity The other example on road.

Fig. 6 is the computer model drawing generated according to vehicle 100 and charging station 200.Drawing is shown in 30MHz Power transfer efficiency expected from different frequency between 60MHz is positioned compared to loop, and wherein wire loop 110,210 exists In different horizontal planes.Efficiency reaches peak at approximate 12 " center separation when ring shaped conductor is hithermost, and Higher frequency is more preferable.