阅读说明：本技术 一种航空用高性能转子锻件的制造方法 (manufacturing method of high-performance rotor forging for aviation ) 是由 马苏 吴剑 朱乾皓 徐锋 张斌 张洪浚 陈艺杰 于 2019-09-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种航空用高性能转子锻件的制造方法,方法步骤如下：下料→拔长→退火→锯切→锻打→粗车→预备热处理→调质热处理。上述的制造方法能使所述转子锻件的机械性能达到如下要求：抗拉强度Rm(Mpa)≥1250,屈服强度Re(Mpa)≥1000,延伸率A(%)≥10,收缩率Z(%)≥45,Aku/20℃≥40,并且能使转子锻件在淬火时不易开裂。(the invention discloses a method for manufacturing a high-performance rotor forging for aviation, which comprises the following steps: blanking → drawing long → annealing → sawing → forging → rough turning → preliminary heat treatment → thermal refining heat treatment. The manufacturing method can ensure that the mechanical property of the rotor forging piece meets the following requirements: the tensile strength Rm (mpa) is more than or equal to 1250, the yield strength Re (mpa) is more than or equal to 1000, the elongation A (%). is more than or equal to 10, the shrinkage Z (%). is more than or equal to 45, Aku/20 ℃ is more than or equal to 40, and the rotor forging is not easy to crack during quenching.)

1. a manufacturing method of a high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: blanking → drawing long → annealing → sawing → forging → rough turning → preliminary heat treatment → thermal refining heat treatment, which is characterized in that:

(1) In the blanking process: the selected steel material is 4340H steel;

(2) in the quenching and tempering heat treatment process: sequentially quenching and tempering the forging, wherein the quenching comprises the following steps: during heating, the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the temperature is raised to 650 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 8.8-9.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and then the forge piece is taken out of the furnace for quenching; before quenching, closing the door and the window to prevent wind from directly blowing on the surface of the forged piece, transferring the forged piece from the furnace to a water tank, wherein the water inlet time of the forged piece is not more than 1.5min, starting a circulating stirring system of the water tank in advance, controlling the temperature of PAG quenching liquid in the water tank between 15 and 40 ℃, controlling the temperature difference of each part of PAG quenching liquid in the water tank within 1.5 ℃, controlling the flow rate of the center of the water tank between 0.8 and 1.2m/s, controlling the pH value of the PAG quenching liquid between 9.0 and 11.0, and controlling the refractive reading of the PAG quenching liquid between 6.5 and 8.0; the quenching adopts double-medium quenching, the double media are PAG quenching liquid and air respectively, and the specific quenching and cooling process is as follows: firstly, sinking the forged piece into a PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 2.9-3.1 minutes, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 35-45 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 5min 35-5 min 45 seconds, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 45-55 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 7.9-8.1 minutes, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 1 min 25-1 min 35 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 10 min 15 sec-10 min 25 sec, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 2.9-3.1 minutes, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 2min 35-2 min 45 seconds, finally, hoisting the forged piece out of a water tank, finishing quenching, and ensuring that the temperature of the PAG quenching liquid does not exceed 40 ℃ in the whole cooling process; tempering: and (3) charging into a furnace for tempering within 30min after quenching, wherein the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 400 ℃, heating to 450 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13.3-13.7 h, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, discharging, hoisting the forge piece into PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 9.8-10.2 min after discharging, hoisting the forge piece out of the furnace into the PAG quenching liquid for air cooling, and avoiding the direct blowing of wind on the surface of the forge piece.

2. the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the 4340H steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.38-0.43%; si: 0.15-0.35%; mn: 0.70-0.90%; p: less than or equal to 0.020%; s: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; cr: 0.70-0.90%; mo: 0.20-0.30%; ni: 1.65-2.00%; cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al: less than or equal to 0.020%; ti: less than or equal to 0.020%; sn is less than or equal to 0.020%; pb is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; h: less than or equal to 1.8 ppm; o: less than or equal to 18ppm, N: less than or equal to 25ppm, and the balance being Fe.

3. The manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the preliminary heat treatment step comprises: annealing the forging, wherein the annealing step is as follows: the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the temperature is raised to 650 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 870 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 13.3-13.7 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and finally the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and cooled in air after being cooled to 300 +/-10 ℃.

4. The manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: in the annealing process: and (3) placing the drawn forging piece in the middle of a heating furnace to avoid direct blowing of a fire gun on the forging piece, wherein the charging temperature of the forging piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, heating to 870 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 9.8-10.2 h at the heating speed of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, cooling to 300 +/-10 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.

5. The manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: in the drawing-out process: firstly, heating a billet obtained by blanking, wherein the heating step is as follows: the charging temperature of the billet is less than or equal to 400 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3.8-4.2 h, then the temperature is raised to 1100 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5.8-6.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, finally the temperature is raised to 1250 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5.8-6.2 h, and the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h; and then drawing out the steel billets by three fires, wherein the drawing ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the steel billets are subjected to heat preservation for 25-35 min at the temperature of 1250 +/-10 ℃ during each fire.

6. The manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the forging ratio in the forging process is more than or equal to 5.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the field of forging of shaft forgings, in particular to a manufacturing method of a high-performance rotor forging for aviation.

Background

The manufacturing of high-performance aeronautical rotors is a major bottleneck in the supply chain of the current aeronautical industry, and the aeronautical rotors are used as high-speed rotating parts and are required to have high strength, high toughness and high fatigue resistance. The existing aviation rotor with deep annular grooves on two end faces is characterized in that the outer diameter of the rotor is phi 700-800 mm, the height of the rotor is 400-500 mm, and the mechanical performance requirements are as follows: the tensile strength Rm (mpa) is more than or equal to 1250, the yield strength Re (mpa) is more than or equal to 1000, the elongation A (%) is more than or equal to 10, the shrinkage Z (%) is more than or equal to 45, and Aku/20 ℃ is more than or equal to 40; the rotor forging with the size similar to that of the rotor is usually manufactured, then the rotor is obtained by carrying out finish turning on the rotor forging, and when the rotor forging meeting the requirement on the mechanical property of the rotor for aviation is manufactured by adopting the existing shaft forging manufacturing process, the rotor forging is easy to crack during quenching because the two end faces of the rotor forging are roughly turned with the deep annular grooves.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation is not easy to crack during quenching of the rotor forging and can enable the mechanical performance of the rotor forging to meet the requirement.

in order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a manufacturing method of a high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: blanking → drawing long → annealing → sawing → forging → rough turning → preliminary heat treatment → thermal refining heat treatment, which is characterized in that:

(1) In the blanking process: the selected steel material is 4340H steel;

(2) In the quenching and tempering heat treatment process: sequentially quenching and tempering the forging, wherein the quenching comprises the following steps: during heating, the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the temperature is raised to 650 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 8.8-9.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and then the forge piece is taken out of the furnace for quenching; before quenching, closing the door and the window to prevent wind from directly blowing on the surface of the forged piece, transferring the forged piece from the furnace to a water tank, wherein the water inlet time of the forged piece is not more than 1.5min, starting a circulating stirring system of the water tank in advance, controlling the temperature of PAG quenching liquid in the water tank between 15 and 40 ℃, controlling the temperature difference of each part of PAG quenching liquid in the water tank within 1.5 ℃, controlling the flow rate of the center of the water tank between 0.8 and 1.2m/s, controlling the pH value of the PAG quenching liquid between 9.0 and 11.0, and controlling the refractive reading of the PAG quenching liquid between 6.5 and 8.0; the quenching adopts double-medium quenching, the double media are PAG quenching liquid and air respectively, and the specific quenching and cooling process is as follows: firstly, sinking the forged piece into a PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 2.9-3.1 minutes, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 35-45 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 5min 35-5 min 45 seconds, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 45-55 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 7.9-8.1 minutes, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 1 min 25-1 min 35 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 10 min 15 sec-10 min 25 sec, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 2.9-3.1 minutes, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 2min 35-2 min 45 seconds, finally, hoisting the forged piece out of a water tank, finishing quenching, and ensuring that the temperature of the PAG quenching liquid does not exceed 40 ℃ in the whole cooling process; tempering: and (3) charging into a furnace for tempering within 30min after quenching, wherein the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 400 ℃, heating to 450 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13.3-13.7 h, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, discharging, hoisting the forge piece into PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 9.8-10.2 min after discharging, hoisting the forge piece out of the furnace into the PAG quenching liquid for air cooling, and avoiding the direct blowing of wind on the surface of the forge piece.

Further, the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: the 4340H steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.38-0.43%; si: 0.15-0.35%; mn: 0.70-0.90%; p: less than or equal to 0.020%; s: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; cr: 0.70-0.90%; mo: 0.20-0.30%; ni: 1.65-2.00%; cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al: less than or equal to 0.020%; ti: less than or equal to 0.020%; sn is less than or equal to 0.020%; pb is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; h: less than or equal to 1.8 ppm; o: less than or equal to 18ppm, N: less than or equal to 25ppm, and the balance being Fe.

further, the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: the preliminary heat treatment step comprises: annealing the forging, wherein the annealing step is as follows: the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the temperature is raised to 650 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 870 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 13.3-13.7 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and finally the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and cooled in air after being cooled to 300 +/-10 ℃.

Further, the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: in the annealing process: and (3) placing the drawn forging piece in the middle of a heating furnace to avoid direct blowing of a fire gun on the forging piece, wherein the charging temperature of the forging piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, heating to 870 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 9.8-10.2 h at the heating speed of less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, cooling to 300 +/-10 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.

further, the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: in the drawing-out process: firstly, heating a billet obtained by blanking, wherein the heating step is as follows: the charging temperature of the billet is less than or equal to 400 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3.8-4.2 h, then the temperature is raised to 1100 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5.8-6.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, finally the temperature is raised to 1250 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5.8-6.2 h, and the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h; and then drawing out the steel billets by three fires, wherein the drawing ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the steel billets are subjected to heat preservation for 25-35 min at the temperature of 1250 +/-10 ℃ during each fire.

Further, the manufacturing method of the high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: the forging ratio in the forging process is more than or equal to 5.

The invention has the advantages that: the manufacturing method of the invention can ensure that the mechanical property of the rotor forging piece can meet the following requirements: the tensile strength Rm (mpa) is more than or equal to 1250, the yield strength Re (mpa) is more than or equal to 1000, the elongation A (%). is more than or equal to 10, the shrinkage Z (%). is more than or equal to 45, Aku/20 ℃ is more than or equal to 40, and the rotor forging is not easy to crack during quenching.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

A manufacturing method of a high-performance rotor forging for aviation comprises the following steps: blanking → drawing long → annealing → sawing → forging → rough turning → preliminary heat treatment → thermal refining heat treatment, in this embodiment, the external dimension of the rotor forging to be manufactured is phi 736 × 458 mm;

(1) In the blanking process: the selected steel material is 4340H plum blossom ingot, and the 4340H steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.38-0.43%; si: 0.15-0.35%; mn: 0.70-0.90%; p: less than or equal to 0.020%; s: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; cr: 0.70-0.90%; mo: 0.20-0.30%; ni: 1.65-2.00%; cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al: less than or equal to 0.020%; ti: less than or equal to 0.020%; sn is less than or equal to 0.020%; pb is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; h: less than or equal to 1.8 ppm; o: less than or equal to 18ppm, N: less than or equal to 25ppm, and the balance of Fe; the blanking size is as follows: 755/880 multiplied by 2193mm, 755 is the small head size, 880 is the big head size;

(2) in the drawing-out process: firstly, heating a billet obtained by blanking, wherein the heating step is as follows: the charging temperature of the billet is less than or equal to 400 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3.8-4.2 h, then the temperature is raised to 1100 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5.8-6.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, finally the temperature is raised to 1250 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5.8-6.2 h, and the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h; then drawing out the steel billets by three fires, wherein the drawing ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the steel billets are subjected to heat preservation for 25-35 min at the temperature of 1250 +/-10 ℃ in each fire; finally, drawing out the steel billet into a forging with the size of phi 700 multiplied by 2600 mm;

(3) In the annealing process: placing the drawn forge piece in the middle of a heating furnace to avoid direct blowing of a fire gun on the forge piece, wherein the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, heating to 870 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 9.8-10.2 h, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, cooling to 300 +/-10 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging and air cooling;

(4) in the sawing process: placing the forging on a horizontal sawing machine for sawing, thereby obtaining four short forgings with the size of phi 700 multiplied by 589 mm; the four short forgings can be used for manufacturing a rotor forging respectively;

(5) In the forging process: forging the heated short forging to obtain a forging with the size of phi 740 multiplied by 498mm, wherein the forging ratio is more than or equal to 5;

(6) In the rough turning procedure: roughly turning the forged forging to obtain a rotor forging with the external dimension of phi 736X 458 mm;

(7) The preliminary heat treatment step comprises: annealing the forging, wherein the annealing step is as follows: the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the temperature is raised to 650 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 870 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 13.3-13.7 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and finally the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and cooled in air after being cooled to 300 +/-10 ℃;

(8) in the quenching and tempering heat treatment process: sequentially quenching and tempering the forging, wherein the quenching comprises the following steps: during heating, the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the temperature is raised to 650 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.8-2.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 8.8-9.2 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and then the forge piece is taken out of the furnace for quenching; before quenching, closing the door and the window to prevent wind from directly blowing on the surface of the forged piece, transferring the forged piece from the furnace to a water tank, wherein the water inlet time of the forged piece is not more than 1.5min, starting a circulating stirring system of the water tank in advance, controlling the temperature of PAG quenching liquid in the water tank between 15 and 40 ℃, controlling the temperature difference of each part of PAG quenching liquid in the water tank within 1.5 ℃, controlling the flow rate of the center of the water tank between 0.8 and 1.2m/s, controlling the pH value of the PAG quenching liquid between 9.0 and 11.0, and controlling the refractive reading of the PAG quenching liquid between 6.5 and 8.0; the quenching adopts double-medium quenching, the double media are PAG quenching liquid and air respectively, and the specific quenching and cooling process is as follows: firstly, sinking the forged piece into a PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 2.9-3.1 minutes, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 35-45 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 5min 35-5 min 45 seconds, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 45-55 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 7.9-8.1 minutes, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 1 min 25-1 min 35 seconds, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 10 min 15 sec-10 min 25 sec, then hoisting the forged piece for air cooling for 2.9-3.1 minutes, then sinking the forged piece into the PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 2min 35-2 min 45 seconds, finally, hoisting the forged piece out of a water tank, finishing quenching, and ensuring that the temperature of the PAG quenching liquid does not exceed 40 ℃ in the whole cooling process; tempering: and (3) charging into a furnace for tempering within 30min after quenching, wherein the charging temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 400 ℃, heating to 450 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13.3-13.7 h, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, discharging, hoisting the forge piece into PAG quenching liquid for cooling for 9.8-10.2 min after discharging, hoisting the forge piece out of the furnace into the PAG quenching liquid for air cooling, and avoiding the direct blowing of wind on the surface of the forge piece.