阅读说明：本技术 用于涡轮机壳体或阀壳体的紧固件 (Fastening for a turbine housing or valve housing ) 是由 J·M·哈恩 T-U·克恩 于 2020-03-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于涡轮机壳体或阀壳体的紧固件。所述紧固件(22)用于将蒸汽或燃气轮机(10)的第一壳体部件(14)与涡轮机的第二壳体部件(16)连接起来。根据本发明的特征在于,由基本材料制成的紧固件(22)具有高松弛强度。(The invention relates to a fastening element for a turbine housing or a valve housing. The fastening element (22) is used to connect a first housing part (14) of a steam or gas turbine (10) to a second housing part (16) of the turbine. The invention is characterized in that the fastening element (22) made of the basic material has a high relaxation strength.)

1. A fastening element (22) for connecting a first housing part (14) of a steam or gas turbine (10) to a second housing part (16) of the steam or gas turbine (10), wherein the fastening element (22) is made of a base material,

wherein the base material has the following composition:

0.10 to 0.17 weight percent carbon;

0.20 to 0.60 weight percent manganese;

8.0 to 11.0 weight percent chromium;

1.0 to 2.0 weight percent molybdenum;

0.5 to 2.00 weight percent cobalt;

0.010 to 0.050 weight percent nitrogen;

0.005 to 0.015 weight percent boron;

0.10 to 0.30 weight percent vanadium;

up to 0.010 weight percent aluminum;

0.02 to 0.08 weight percent niobium;

0.10 to 0.50 weight percent nickel;

up to 0.10 weight percent silicon;

up to 0.010 weight percent phosphorus;

up to 0.005 weight percent sulfur;

the balance of the iron is the iron,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the base material is constructed such that the ratio of nitrogen to boron (in weight percent) is between 1.0 and 5.0.

2. The fastener (22) of claim 1,

wherein the base material has 0.5 to 1.5 weight percent cobalt and at most 5 weight percent tungsten.

3. The fastener (22) according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the fastening element (22) is designed as a screw (22).

4. The fastener (22) according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the fastening element (22) is designed as a union nut for connecting two components.

5. The fastener (22) according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the fastening means (22) are designed as component-engaging bolts (22) which connect the first housing part (14) to the second housing part (16) in flange-like component-engaging regions (15, 17).

6. The fastener (22) according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the base material is strength optimized in a temperature range of 400 ℃ to 650 ℃, in particular having a strength Rp0.2 of at least 700MPa at room temperature.

7. The fastener (22) according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein manufacturing the fastener (22) comprises the steps of:

melting the material components, preheating the melt and further processing into round section bars, and quenching and tempering the round section bars with the tempering parameters of the temperature less than or equal to 720 ℃.

8. The fastener (22) according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the fastening element (22) has a material X13CrMoVNbNB9-2-1, in particular 100% made of this material.

9. Turbine housing for a steam or gas turbine, having a first housing part (14) and a second housing part (16) and a fastening element (22) according to one of the preceding claims for connecting the two housing parts (14, 16) together in a flange-like component joining region (15, 17) of the housing parts (14, 16).

10. A valve housing for a steam or gas turbine, wherein the valve housing has a valve housing upper half and a valve housing lower half, and the fastening (22) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 connects the valve housing upper half with the valve housing lower half.

11. A turbine for a thermal power plant having a turbine housing according to claim 9.

12. A turbine for a thermal power plant having a valve housing according to claim 10.

13. A turbine for a thermal power plant having a turbine housing according to claim 9 and a valve housing according to claim 10.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fastening element for connecting a first housing part of a steam or gas turbine to a second housing part of the steam or gas turbine.

The invention also relates to a turbine housing for a steam or gas turbine, comprising a first and a second housing part and a fastening element for connecting the two housing parts together in a flange-like part joining region of the housing parts.

The invention also relates to a valve housing.

The invention further relates to a turbine for a thermal power plant having such a turbine housing.

Background

By turbine casing is here meant the inner casing of a steam or gas turbine, which is usually surrounded by an outer casing.

When operating a steam turbine, it is desirable to obtain the highest possible steam conditions. That is, it is desirable to operate the steam turbine at as high a steam pressure as possible and at a very high steam temperature. In this case, the screw used to connect the two casing parts of the steam turbine, which is an embodiment of the fastening element, is subjected to high pressures in the presence of high temperatures at the same time. Therefore, in the prior art, these bolts are made of a highly heat-resistant material. Here, alloys of different compositions are used as the bolt material. However, the bolts used in the prior art can only be used in turbine housings designed for relatively small pressure differences of less than 250 bar. Steam turbines designed for higher pressure differentials are sometimes equipped with a special integrated inflow housing without a threaded connection. With other steam turbines known from the prior art, frequent tightening and opening of the turbine is required after a relatively short operating time, i.e. possibly after an operating time of 30000 hours instead of 100000 hours.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is based on the object of improving a turbomachine having a fastening element such that the fastening element can connect a first housing part and a second housing part of the turbomachine even at high pressure differences, in particular pressure differences of more than 250bar, and at high temperatures of the flowing medium.

This object is achieved according to the invention with a fastening element of the type according to the features of claim 1.

The object is also achieved by a turbine housing for a steam or gas turbine, which is provided with such a fastening element according to the invention.

The object is also achieved by a turbine for a thermal power plant having such a turbine housing.

The base material is constructed such that the ratio of nitrogen to boron (in weight percent) is between 1.0 and 5.0.

By using the base material according to the invention, the fastening element has such a strength that it can be used reliably for connecting two housing parts with a high pressure difference of more than 250bar and at high temperatures. When the fastener is configured as a bolt, it is not necessary to retighten the bolt in advance. The material used as a bolt of an embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention has a higher initial strength, a higher bolt tension and a higher final relaxation stress than bolt materials known in the prior art. The bolt according to the invention enables the construction of a K-type turbine (consisting of a high-pressure turbine cylinder and an intermediate-pressure turbine cylinder combined in a single housing) for supercritical steam conditions (300bar/600 ℃). Even in further steam turbines, such as, for example, high-pressure steam turbines, medium-pressure steam turbines, or single-casing medium-pressure and low-pressure steam turbines, there is potential for improvement in new developments.

Tungsten is not used in the base material or alloy according to the invention in order to avoid the occurrence of precipitates of the type, for example, Laves-Phase during the loading of components made of the base material/alloy, which would grow rapidly and affect the stability of the tissue structure and avoid a significant reduction in the fatigue strength and the relaxation strength.

Furthermore, as new phases containing tungsten precipitate, the deformability of the base material/alloy changes, so that there is a risk of cracking at the radii, grooves and transitions, which in turn can compromise the operation of the component.

Setting of the ratio of nitrogen and boron adapted to the basic lattice composition is necessary in order to set the endurance characteristics in the initial state and to maintain the characteristics at higher temperatures for longer periods of time. The purpose is to provide sufficient nitrogen for precipitation of vanadium or niobium nitrides of the MX and M2X types to maintain lattice stability, and the precipitation of boron is to inhibit growth of carbonaceous M23C6 precipitates at loading times and temperatures.

Nitrogen and boron are no longer suitable for the durable strength of the structure, since boron and nitrogen also have a high chemical affinity for one another and, in the case of unfavorable ratios of nitrogen to boron, coarse boron nitride precipitates may occur. The coarse boron nitride precipitates no longer have the effect of increasing the strength, and the basic structure is thereby significantly weakened.

The fasteners may be configured as bolts or studs. The fastener may also be configured as a nut or a lock nut.

In a preferred embodiment, the fastening means are designed as component-engaging bolts which connect the first housing part to the second housing part in the flange-like component-engaging region. The component engagement bolts may be expansion bolts (Bolzenschraube) or may be through bolts.

In order to ensure the strength of the fastening element in the high steam state, it is advantageous if the material of the fastening element is strength-optimized in the temperature range of 400 ℃ to 650 ℃, in particular with a strength rp0.2 of at least 700Mpa at room temperature. That is, the material of the fastener reaches the elastic limit of 0.2% plastic deformation only when subjected to a load of 700MPa at room temperature. In addition to increasing the final relaxation stress, the bolt prestress can also be considered as a variable.

In order to achieve, in particular, the above-mentioned material parameters, such as, for example, the strength sought at 400 ℃ to 650 ℃, it is advantageous if the manufacture of the fastener comprises the following steps: melting the material components, preheating the melt and further processing into round section bars, and quenching and tempering the round section bars with the tempering parameters of the temperature less than or equal to 720 ℃. When melting is carried out, it is advantageous to use ESU steel and to forge it thoroughly. The tempering is preferably performed as oil tempering. The complete transformation in the martensite phase should occur over the entire outer surface of the fastener. The quenching temperature should be between 1050 ℃ and 1120 ℃. A double tempering treatment can advantageously be carried out, in which case the following must be noted: for the first tempering, a temperature of 570 ℃ is advantageously used. The temperature of the second tempering treatment should be higher than that of the first tempering treatment.

In an advantageous embodiment, the fastener is of X13crmocovnb 9-2-1 material. The fastening element is made of this material, in particular 100%. By using such a material, the strength of the fastening element at high steam temperatures is improved, so that it is optimally suited for connecting the two casing parts of a corresponding steam turbine in high steam conditions.

Materials having this composition have improved properties in terms of strength, tensile strength, elongation, shrinkage and fatigue strength. The suitability of the fastening element made of this material for connecting two casing parts of a steam turbine loaded with high steam conditions is thereby correspondingly improved.

The above-described features, characteristics and advantages of the present invention and how to implement them, will be more clearly understood and appreciated in detail in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings. The figures do not show the embodiments precisely to scale, but rather are drawn in a schematic and/or slightly distorted manner for the sake of illustration. With regard to compensation of the teaching directly recognizable in the figures, reference is made to the relevant prior art.

The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a flange-like component joining region of a turbine housing, including the component joining bolts.

Detailed Description

The drawing shows a cut-out section of the turbine housing 12 of the steam turbine 10 in the region of the parting line 18. The turbine casing 12 is referred to herein as the inner casing of the steam turbine 10, which is surrounded by an outer casing.

The invention may also be applied to valve housings.

The turbine housing 12 has an upper or first housing part 14 and a lower or second housing part 16. The parting line 18 is located between the first housing component 14 and the second housing component 16. In the region of the parting line 18, the first housing part 14 and the second housing part 16 are formed flange-like. The housing flange 15 of the first housing part 14 and the housing flange 17 of the second housing part 16 are provided with threaded bores 20 with an internal thread.

The threaded bore 20 is configured to receive a component engagement bolt 22. The component engagement bolt is one embodiment of the fastener 22. Other embodiments of the fastener 22 are a stud (Stiftschrauben) or a nut, in particular a lock nut. The threaded bore 20 extends completely through the housing flange 15 of the first housing part 14 and partially into the housing flange 17 of the second housing part 16. The component engagement bolts 22 can be screwed into the threaded bores 20 from above, i.e. from the upper side of the housing flange 15 of the first housing component 14. The component-engaging bolt 22 is in the present exemplary embodiment designed as a hexagon head bolt and has a bolt head 24 and a bolt shank 26 with an external thread adapted to the internal thread of the threaded bore 20. In the region of the component engagement bolts 22, which are shown in the drawing and are screwed completely into the threaded bores 20, they form a secure connection between the first housing part 14 and the second housing part 16 via the respective housing flanges 15 and 17. The component-engaging bolt 22 can also be constructed in different embodiments than the embodiment shown in the drawings. For example, the component engagement bolt 22 can also be designed as an expansion bolt with a corresponding screw nut on its respective end face.

The component engagement bolt 22 is made of a basic material.

The chemical composition of the base material of the component engagement bolt 22 has the following chemical elements:

0.10 to 0.17 weight percent carbon;

0.20 to 0.60 weight percent manganese;

8.0 to 11.0 weight percent chromium;

1.0 to 2.0 weight percent molybdenum;

0.5 to 2.00 weight percent cobalt;

0.010 to 0.050 weight percent nitrogen;

0.005 to 0.015 weight percent boron;

0.10 to 0.30 weight percent vanadium;

up to 0.010 weight percent aluminum;

0.02 to 0.08 weight percent niobium;

0.10 to 0.50 weight percent nickel;

up to 0.10 weight percent silicon;

up to 0.010 weight percent phosphorus;

up to 0.005 weight percent sulfur;

the balance being iron.

The base material is configured such that the ratio of nitrogen to boron (in weight percent) is between 1.0 and 5.0.

The screw 22 has an X13crmocovnb 9-2-1, which is made of this material, in particular 100%.

The basic material of the bolt 22 is strength-optimized in the temperature range of 400 ℃ to 650 ℃, in particular with a strength rp0.2 of at least 700Mpa at room temperature.

The manufacture of the bolt 22 comprises the following steps: melting the material components, preheating the melt and further processing into round section bars, and quenching and tempering the round section bars with the tempering parameters of the temperature less than or equal to 720 ℃.

The symbols of the elements represent the following substances:

c-carbon, Mn-manganese, Cr-chromium, Mo-molybdenum,

cobalt, nitrogen, boron, vanadium,

al ═ aluminum, Nb ═ niobium, Ni ═ nickel, Si ═ silicon,

p ═ phosphorus, S ═ sulfur, Fe ═ iron, and W ═ tungsten.