阅读说明：本技术 一种用于抛丸机叶片的高韧高耐磨合金钢 (High-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for shot blasting machine blade ) 是由 李卫 陈鹏 易艳良 涂小慧 于 2021-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于抗磨金属材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于抛丸机叶片的高韧高耐磨合金钢。该合金钢的化学成分,以质量分数计,包括：0.8～1.2％C,0.5～1％Si,0.5～1％Mn,0.5～1％Cr,3～5％Mo,0.4～0.8％Ni,2～4％W,1.5～2.5％V,余量为Fe。本发明在高碳合金钢中添加适量的Mo和W,可获得高温稳定性和抗磨性优异的碳化物MC,并利用适量V添加改变碳化物MC形貌及分布,增加金属基体的连续性,从而改善合金韧性。(The invention belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant metal materials, and particularly relates to high-toughness high-wear-resistant alloy steel for a shot blasting machine blade. The alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.8-1.2% of C, 0.5-1% of Si, 0.5-1% of Mn, 0.5-1% of Cr, 3-5% of Mo, 0.4-0.8% of Ni, 2-4% of W, 1.5-2.5% of V, and the balance of Fe. According to the invention, a proper amount of Mo and W is added into the high-carbon alloy steel, so that the carbide MC with excellent high-temperature stability and wear resistance can be obtained, the appearance and distribution of the carbide MC are changed by adding a proper amount of V, and the continuity of a metal matrix is increased, thereby improving the toughness of the alloy.)

1. A high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for shot blasting machine blades is characterized in that the alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.8-1.2% of C, 0.5-1% of Si, 0.5-1.1% of Mn, 0.5-1% of Cr, 3-5% of Mo, 0.4-0.8% of Ni, 2-4% of W, 1.5-2.6% of V, and the balance of Fe.

2. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.05% of C, 0.52% of Si, 1% of Mn, 0.64% of Cr, 4.19% of Mo, 0.52% of Ni, 3.12% of W, 1.68% of V and the balance of Fe.

3. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.09% of C, 0.55% of Si, 1.01% of Mn, 0.69% of Cr, 4.21% of Mo, 0.58% of Ni, 2.92% of W, 2.06% of V and the balance of Fe.

4. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.01% of C, 0.73% of Si, 0.94% of Mn, 0.56% of Cr, 4.08% of Mo, 0.62% of Ni, 3.16% of W, 2.52% of V and the balance of Fe.

5. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is characterized in that carbides of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade are granulated and uniformly distributed, and the shape factor K is 0.4-0.6.

6. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for shot blasting machine blades as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impact toughness of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for shot blasting machine blades is 20-27J/cm²。

7. The high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is characterized by comprising the alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade, wherein the hardness of the alloy steel is 64-66 HRC.

8. The method for preparing the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blades as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) taking scrap steel, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and pure iron according to the mass ratio of 40-44%: 8-9%: 1-1.5%: 8.4-10.3%: 1.5-3%: mixing 27.4-38.7%, filling into a smelting furnace, and heating to melt;

2) drying 2-4% of tungsten powder, adding the tungsten powder into a smelting furnace, raising the temperature to 1500-1580 ℃, adding a deoxidizer aluminum wire, and adding 0.4-0.8% of a pure nickel rod after the furnace burden is completely melted;

3) and when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1400-1480 ℃, casting into a casting, preserving the temperature of the casting at 950-1050 ℃ for 2-4 h, air-cooling to room temperature, and then tempering at 200-300 ℃ for 3-6 h to obtain the high-wear-resistance alloy steel.

9. The method for preparing the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade according to claim 8, wherein the chemical components of the charging materials are as shown in the following table 1 in percentage by mass:

table 1 chemical composition of each charge in wt%

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant metal materials, and particularly relates to high-toughness high-wear-resistant alloy steel for a shot blasting machine blade.

Background

At present, shot blasting machines at home and abroad basically have the advantages of high working efficiency, low energy consumption, high labor intensity, realization of automation and the like, wherein the blades of the shot blasting machines are used as common equipment in the mine industry. However, the service life of the impeller head blade serving as the most serious abrasion failure part in the impeller head directly influences the impeller head efficiency, so that the research on the components, the structure and the performance of the impeller head blade has important significance for the application of the impeller head blade.

The working condition characteristics of the impeller head blade in operation are as follows: the high-speed operation of the shot blasting machine is high, the linear velocity is very large, the cutting effect of the shot on the blade is large, and simultaneously, due to the repeated impact effect of the shot, the surface of the blade is cracked due to fatigue to form stripping. The traditional shot blasting machine blade material is made of high-chromium cast iron, but the high-chromium cast iron is easy to crack under a high-stress working condition due to the fact that carbides are thick and distributed in a rod shape. Therefore, the manufacturing of the shot blasting machine blade needs a material with good mechanical property, the mechanical property, particularly the hardness and the toughness of the high-wear-resistant alloy steel can be adjusted in a large range, the strength, the impact toughness and the wear resistance can be comprehensively considered and matched according to different use conditions, and the material better conforms to the operation working condition of the shot blasting machine blade compared with other materials. In contrast, the effect of selecting high-wear-resistance alloy steel as a material for manufacturing the shot blasting machine blade is better, and meanwhile, a proper amount of Mo and W elements are added into the alloy steel, so that fine carbides with excellent high-temperature stability and wear resistance can be obtained, the continuity of a metal matrix is greatly improved, and the force service efficiency of the shot blasting machine blade is greatly improved.

However, in the wear-resistant steel material, w (mo) -rich carbide is a eutectic compound, the reaction occurring during solidification is a non-facet eutectic, the anisotropy is strong, and the liquid-solid interface is formed by specific crystal planes, so that the eutectic wear-resistant phase is generally easy to form a continuous network structure after solidification. Once formed, cracks can propagate rapidly along the wear-resistant phase of the structure and cause premature failure of the material, even when the high toughness matrix is not effective in preventing crack propagation. This shows that the structural morphology of the eutectic wear-resistant phase influences the service life of the steel wear-resistant material to a great extent, so that the development of research on the related regularity of the morphology control of the eutectic wear-resistant phase has a very important meaning and is a main development trend of the design of future wear-resistant materials. Therefore, the development of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy for the shot blasting machine blade is of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade. The alloy steel has high hardness, good impact toughness and excellent wear resistance, and the preparation method has simple process, short production period and low energy consumption.

According to the invention, a proper amount of Mo and W is added into the high-carbon alloy steel, so that the carbide MC with excellent high-temperature stability and wear resistance can be obtained, the appearance and distribution of the carbide MC are changed by adding a proper amount of V, and the continuity of a metal matrix is increased, thereby improving the toughness of the alloy.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for shot blasting machine blades comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (wt%): 0.8-1.2% of C, 0.5-1% of Si, 0.5-1.1% of Mn, 0.5-1% of Cr, 3-5% of Mo, 0.4-0.8% of Ni, 2-4% of W, 1.5-2.6% of V, and the balance of Fe.

Vanadium in the high-chromium cast iron inhibits diffusion of carbon atoms and hinders growth of MC carbide, so that the structure can be refined, the morphology and distribution of the carbide can be changed, and the aims of changing the long-strip shape of the carbide into a spherical shape and reducing the cutting degree of a matrix are fulfilled.

Preferably, the chemical composition of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade comprises the following components in percentage by mass (wt%): 1.05% of C, 0.52% of Si, 1% of Mn, 0.64% of Cr, 4.19% of Mo, 0.52% of Ni, 3.12% of W, 1.68% of V and the balance of Fe.

Preferably, the chemical composition of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade comprises the following components in percentage by mass (wt%): 1.09% of C, 0.55% of Si, 1.01% of Mn, 0.69% of Cr, 4.21% of Mo, 0.58% of Ni, 2.92% of W, 2.06% of V and the balance of Fe.

Preferably, the chemical composition of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade comprises the following components in percentage by mass (wt%): 1.01% of C, 0.73% of Si, 0.94% of Mn, 0.56% of Cr, 4.08% of Mo, 0.62% of Ni, 3.16% of W, 2.52% of V and the balance of Fe.

Preferably, the carbide of the high-toughness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is granulated and uniformly distributed, and the shape factor K of the alloy steel is 0.4-0.6.

Preferably, the impact toughness of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is 20-27J/cm²。

Preferably, the hardness of the high-toughness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade is 64-66 HRC.

The preparation method of the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel for the shot blasting machine blade comprises the following steps:

1) taking scrap steel, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and pure iron according to the mass ratio of 40-44%: 8-9%: 1-1.5%: 8.4-10.3%: 1.5-3%: mixing 27.4-38.7%, filling into a smelting furnace, and heating to melt;

2) drying 2-4% of tungsten powder, adding the tungsten powder into a smelting furnace, raising the temperature to 1500-1580 ℃, adding a deoxidizer aluminum wire, and adding 0.4-0.8% of a pure nickel rod after the furnace burden is completely melted;

3) and when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1400-1480 ℃, casting into a casting, preserving the temperature of the casting at 950-1050 ℃ for 2-4 h, air-cooling to room temperature, and then tempering at 200-300 ℃ for 3-6 h to obtain the high-wear-resistance alloy steel.

In the preparation steps, the sum of the mass percentages of the scrap steel, the ferrochrome, the ferromanganese, the ferromolybdenum, the ferrovanadium, the pure iron, the tungsten powder and the pure nickel is 100 percent.

The chemical components of the used furnace materials are shown in the following table 1 in percentage by mass:

TABLE 1 chemical composition of each charge (wt%)

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. after a proper amount of V is added into the alloy steel, alloy carbide is granulated and uniformly distributed, and the shape factor K of the alloy carbide is 0.4-0.6;

2. the high-wear-resistance alloy steel has high impact toughness which can reach 20-27J/cm²；

3. V has a solid solution strengthening effect on steel parts, and simultaneously improves the stability of carbides, so that the strength of steel is improved, the macro structure hardness of the high-wear-resistant alloy steel is high and reaches 64-66 HRC, and the conventional high-chromium cast iron is improved by nearly 8.0 percent;

4. the high-wear-resistance alloy steel has high impact resistance and wear resistance, and is improved by 250-300% compared with Cr26 high-chromium cast iron.

Drawings

FIG. 1 EDS analysis of high toughness, high wear resistant alloy steel made in example 3.

FIG. 2 SEM structural morphology of high-toughness and high-wear-resistance alloy steels prepared in example 1 and example 3: (a) example 1; (b) example 3.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The raw materials related to the invention can be directly purchased from the market. For process parameters not specifically noted, reference may be made to conventional techniques.

In the preparation steps of the following examples, the percentages are all by mass.

Example 1

The invention relates to a high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel which is smelted by a 500 kg medium-frequency induction furnace, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:

1) taking scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and pure iron according to the mass ratio of 40.8%: 8.4%: 1.2%: 9.1%: 1.6%: mixing 34.3 percent of the mixture, filling the mixture into a smelting furnace, and heating the mixture until the mixture is melted;

2) drying 4% tungsten powder, adding the tungsten powder into a smelting furnace, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃, adding a deoxidizer aluminum wire, and adding a 0.6% pure nickel rod after the furnace burden is completely melted;

3) when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1460 ℃, casting into a casting, then preserving the heat of the casting at 1000 ℃ for 3h, cooling to room temperature in air, and then carrying out tempering treatment at 250 ℃ for 4h to prepare the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel.

The specific components of the high toughness and high wear resistance alloy steel prepared by the embodiment are shown in Table 2. In the embodiment, the carbide shape factor K in the high-toughness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel is 0.4; the impact resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy steel are higher and are improved by 272 percent compared with Cr26 high-chromium cast iron; the macro-structure hardness is high, reaches 64HRC, and is improved by nearly 5.3 percent compared with the conventional high-chromium cast iron Cr 26; the impact toughness is high and can reach 23.1J/cm²Compared with the conventional high-chromium cast iron Cr26, the improvement is nearly 112.1 percent.

Example 2

The invention relates to a high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel which is smelted by a 500 kg medium-frequency induction furnace, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:

1) taking scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and pure iron according to the mass ratio of 41.8%: 8.8%: 1.5%: 9.2%: 2%: mixing 32.1%, filling into a smelting furnace, and heating to melt;

2) drying 4% tungsten powder, adding the tungsten powder into a smelting furnace, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃, adding a deoxidizer aluminum wire, and adding a 0.6% pure nickel rod after the furnace burden is completely melted;

3) when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1460 ℃, casting into a casting, then preserving the heat of the casting at 1000 ℃ for 3h, cooling to room temperature in air, and then carrying out tempering treatment at 250 ℃ for 4h to prepare the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel.

The specific components of the high toughness and high wear resistance alloy steel prepared by the embodiment are shown in Table 2. In the embodiment, the carbide shape factor K in the high-toughness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel is 0.5; the impact resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy steel are improved by 296 percent compared with that of Cr26 high-chromium cast iron; the macroscopic structure hardness is high and reaches 65HRC, and the conventional high-chromium cast iron is improved by nearly 5.8 percent; the impact toughness is high and can reach 26.1J/cm²Compared with the conventional high-chromium cast iron Cr26, the improvement is nearly 139.7 percent.

Example 3

The invention relates to a high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel which is smelted by a 500 kg medium-frequency induction furnace, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:

1) taking scrap steel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and pure iron according to the proportion of 42.8%: 9.0%: 1.5%: 9.2%: 2.6%: mixing 30.3 percent of the mixture, filling the mixture into a smelting furnace, and heating the mixture until the mixture is melted;

2) drying 4% tungsten powder, adding the tungsten powder into a smelting furnace, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃, adding a deoxidizer aluminum wire, and adding a 0.6% pure nickel rod after the furnace burden is completely melted;

3) when the temperature of the molten steel reaches 1460 ℃, casting into a casting, then preserving the heat of the casting at 1000 ℃ for 3h, cooling to room temperature in air, and then carrying out tempering treatment at 250 ℃ for 4h to prepare the high-toughness high-wear-resistance alloy steel.

The specific components of the high toughness and high wear resistance alloy steel prepared by the embodiment are shown in Table 2. In the embodiment, the carbide shape factor K in the high-toughness and high-wear-resistance alloy steel is 0.6; the impact resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy steel are improved by 303 percent compared with that of Cr26 high-chromium cast iron; the macroscopic structure hardness is high and reaches 66HRC, and the conventional high-chromium cast iron is improved by nearly 7.8 percent; the impact toughness is high and can reach 27.0J/cm²Compared with the conventional high-chromium cast iron Cr26, the improvement is nearly 147.9 percent.

TABLE 2 chemical composition of high abrasion-resistant alloy steel (mass fraction, wt%)

The alloy steel of the invention is added with V element, which can reduce the tendency that carbide forms continuous network on the grain boundary in the steel piece, and can also improve the hardenability of the steel piece and reduce the retained austenite, thereby increasing the wear-resisting phase of the steel piece. The high-toughness, high-strength and wear-resistant alloy steel prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 is composed of MC carbide and a martensite matrix, wherein the matrix plays a role in supporting and fixing hard phase carbide, and in turn, the carbide plays a role in protecting a matrix from being worn. In example 1, predominantly W (Mo) -rich eutectic carbides are in long rod-like distribution; in example 3, the eutectic carbide rich in Fe (V) and W (Mo) exist, and the carbide is granulated and uniformly distributed in the matrix (shown in figures 1 and 2), so that the wear resistance of the material is improved, and the mechanical properties of the material are different according to different contents. In contrast, the wear resistance of the alloy steel prepared in example 3 is much higher than that of example 1.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.