阅读说明：本技术 改善压制硬化钢的强度和延性的方法 (Method for improving strength and ductility of press-hardened steel ) 是由 卢琦 庞佳琛 于 2018-05-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种形成成形钢物件的方法,包括从合金组合物切割坯料。该合金组合物包含0.1-1重量%的碳,0.1-3重量%的锰,0.1-3重量%的硅,1-10重量%的铝,并且余量为铁。该方法还包括将坯料加热到高于奥氏体开始形成温度的温度以产生加热的坯料,将加热的坯料转移到模具,将加热的坯料成型为由模具限定的预定形状以产生成形钢物件,以及将成形钢物件的温度降低至环境温度。所述加热在包含惰性气体、基于碳(C)的气体和氮气(N_2)中的至少一种的气氛下进行。(A method of forming a shaped steel article includes cutting a billet from an alloy composition. The alloy composition comprises 0.1-1 wt% of carbon, 0.1-3 wt%Manganese in an amount of 0.1-3 wt%, silicon in an amount of 1-10 wt%, aluminum, and the balance iron. The method further includes heating the blank to a temperature above an austenite start forming temperature to produce a heated blank, transferring the heated blank to a die, forming the heated blank into a predetermined shape defined by the die to produce a formed steel article, and reducing the temperature of the formed steel article to ambient temperature. Said heating is carried out in a reactor containing an inert gas, a carbon (C) -based gas and nitrogen (N) 2 ) Under an atmosphere of at least one of (1).)

1. A method of forming a shaped steel article, the method comprising:

cutting a billet from an alloy composition comprising:

    carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.% of the alloy composition,

    manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 3 wt.% of the alloy composition,

    concentration of silicon (Si) from greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition,

    aluminum (Al) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 10 wt.% of the alloy composition, and

    the balance of the alloy composition being iron (Fe);

heating the billet to a temperature above an austenite start formation temperature (Ac1) to produce a heated billet, wherein the heating comprises an inert gas, a carbon-based gas, and nitrogen (N)₂) Under an atmosphere of at least one of (a);

transferring the heated billet to a mold;

forming the heated blank into a predetermined shape defined by the die to produce a stamped article; and

reducing the temperature of the stamped article to ambient temperature to form a shaped steel article.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy composition further comprises:

chromium (Cr) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 5 wt.% of the alloy composition.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the alloy composition further comprises at least one of:

nickel (Ni) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 1 wt% of the alloy composition,

molybdenum (Mo) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.% of the alloy composition,

niobium (Nb) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% of the alloy composition,

vanadium (V) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt.% of the alloy composition,

copper (Cu) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.% of the alloy composition,

titanium (Ti) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt% of the alloy composition, and

boron (B) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.005 wt.% of the alloy composition.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of Si is about 0.2 wt% and the concentration of Al is greater than or equal to about 1 wt% to less than or equal to about 5 wt%.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of C is greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt%.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy composition is in the form of a coil.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating the billet comprises heating the billet to a temperature greater than or equal to about 900 ℃ to less than or equal to about 950 ℃.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating is performed for a period of time greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 20 minutes.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is selected from helium (He), helium (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and combinations thereof.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the C-based gas is selected from CH₄、C₂H₆And combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating comprises heating a material selected from the group consisting of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N₂、CH₄、C₂H₆And combinations thereof under an atmosphere of gas.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein after reducing the temperature of the stamped article to ambient temperature, the method further comprises:

heating the shaped steel article to a temperature below the martensite start (Ms) temperature.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the heating the formed steel article to a temperature below the Ms temperature comprises heating the formed article to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 100 ℃ to less than or equal to about 400 ℃ for a period of greater than or equal to about 0.1 minutes to less than or equal to about 60 minutes.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

cooling the shaped article to ambient temperature.

15. A method of forming a shaped steel article, the method comprising:

cutting a billet from an alloy composition comprising:

    carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt.% of the alloy composition,

    manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 3 wt.% of the alloy composition,

    concentration of silicon (Si) from greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition,

    aluminum (Al) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 5 wt.% of the alloy composition, and

    the balance of the alloy composition being iron (Fe);

austenitizing the blank under an atmosphere comprising an inert gas to produce an austenitized blank;

forming the austenitized blank into a predetermined shape to produce a shaped article;

reducing the temperature of the shaped article to ambient temperature at a constant rate to produce a shaped steel article; and

heating the formed steel article to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 100 ℃ to less than or equal to about 400 ℃ for a period of greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 30 minutes.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the concentration of Al is greater than or equal to about 3 wt.% to less than or equal to about 4 wt.% of the alloy composition.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the method does not include shot peening.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the reducing the temperature of the formed steel article to ambient temperature at a constant rate comprises cooling the formed steel article at a rate greater than or equal to about 15 ℃/s until ambient temperature is reached.

19. A formed steel article comprising:

a shaped alloy composition, said alloy composition comprising:

    carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt.% of the alloy composition,

    manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 3 wt.% of the alloy composition,

    concentration of silicon (Si) from greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition,

    aluminum (Al) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 5 wt.% of the alloy composition, and

    the balance of the alloy composition being iron (Fe),

wherein the alloy composition is subjected to an inert gas, a carbon (C) -based gas, and nitrogen (N) before being formed into the shape₂) Is austenitized, formed into the shape, and subjected to post-heat treatment, and

wherein the shaped steel article is relatively free of inert gases, carbon (C) -based gases and nitrogen (N)₂) Has higher strength and higher ductility.

20. A formed steel article according to claim 19 wherein said formed steel article is a component of an automobile.

Background

This section provides background information related to the present disclosure, which is not necessarily prior art.

Press-hardened steel (PHS), also known as "hot stamped steel" or "hot formed steel," is used in a variety of industries and applications, including general manufacturing, construction equipment, automotive or other transportation industries, residential or industrial structures, and the like. It is one of the strongest steels for automotive body structure applications, having tensile strength properties of about 1,500 megapascals (MPa). Such steels have desirable properties, including forming steel components with high strength to weight ratios. For example, when manufacturing vehicles, especially automobiles, continued improvements in fuel efficiency and performance are desired. PHS components are commonly used to form load bearing components, such as door beams, which typically require high strength materials. Thus, these steels are designed in their finished state to have high strength and sufficient ductility to withstand external forces, such as intrusion into the passenger cabin, without cracking, thereby providing protection to the passengers. In addition, the galvanized PHS component may provide cathodic protection.

Many PHS processes involve austenitizing a steel plate blank in a furnace followed immediately by pressing and quenching the plate in a die. Austenitization is typically carried out in the range of about 880 ℃ to 950 ℃. There are two main types of PHS processes: indirect and direct. In the direct method, the PHS part is simultaneously formed and pressed between dies, which quenches the steel. In the indirect process, the PHS component is cold formed into the mid-section shape prior to austenitizing and subsequent pressing and quenching steps. Quenching of the PHS component hardens the component by transforming the microstructure from austenite to martensite. An oxide layer is often formed during the transfer from the furnace to the mold. Therefore, after quenching, the oxides must be removed from the PHS component and the mold. The oxides are typically removed, i.e. descaled, by shot blasting.

The PHS part may be plated prior to pre-chill forming (if an indirect process is used) or austenitization as applicable. The plated PHS component provides a protective layer (e.g., zinc plating protection) for the underlying steel component. Such coatings typically comprise an aluminium silicon alloy and/or zinc. The zinc coating provides cathodic protection; the plating acts as a sacrificial layer and is corroded in place of the steel component, even where the steel is exposed. Such plating also produces oxides on the surface of the PHS component, which are removed by shot blasting. Accordingly, alloy compositions that do not require plating and provide improved strength and ductility are desired.

Disclosure of Invention

This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

In various aspects, the present techniques provide a method of forming a shaped steel object. The method includes cutting a billet from the alloy composition. The alloy composition includes 0.1-1 wt.% carbon, 0.1-3 wt.% manganese, 0.1-3 wt.% silicon, 1-10 wt.% aluminum, and the balance iron. The method further includes heating the blank to a temperature above an austenite start forming temperature to produce a heated blank, transferring the heated blank to a die, forming the heated blank into a predetermined shape defined by the die to produce a formed steel article, and reducing the temperature of the formed steel article to ambient temperature. Said heating is carried out in a reactor containing an inert gas, a carbon (C) -based gas and nitrogen (N)₂) Under an atmosphere of at least one of (1).

In one aspect, the alloy composition further includes chromium (Cr) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 5 wt.% of the alloy composition.

In one aspect, the alloy composition further comprises at least one of: nickel (Ni) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 1 wt% of the alloy composition, molybdenum (Mo) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 1 wt% of the alloy composition, niobium (Nb) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.1 wt% of the alloy composition, vanadium (V) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt% of the alloy composition, copper (Cu) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 1 wt% of the alloy composition, titanium (Ti) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt% of the alloy composition, and boron (B) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.005 wt% of the alloy composition.

In one aspect, the concentration of Si is about 0.2 wt% and the concentration of Al is greater than or equal to about 1 wt% to less than or equal to about 5 wt%.

In one aspect, the concentration of C is greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt%.

In one aspect, the alloy composition is in the form of a coil.

In one aspect, heating the billet comprises heating the billet to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 900 ℃ to less than or equal to about 950 ℃.

In one aspect, the heating is performed for a time period of greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 20 minutes.

In one aspect, the inert gas is selected from helium (He), helium (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and combinations thereof.

In one aspect, the C-based gas is selected from CH₄、C₂H₆And combinations thereof.

In one aspect, the heating is performed in a process comprising a gas selected from He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N₂、CH₄、C₂H₆And combinations thereof under an atmosphere of gas.

In one aspect, after reducing the temperature of the stamped article to ambient temperature, the method further comprises heating the shaped steel article to a temperature below the martensite start (Ms) temperature.

In one aspect, heating the formed steel article to a temperature below the Ms temperature comprises heating the formed article to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 100 ℃ to less than or equal to about 400 ℃ for a period of greater than or equal to about 0.1 minutes to less than or equal to about 60 minutes.

In one aspect, the method further comprises cooling the shaped article to ambient temperature.

In various aspects, the present techniques also provide a method of forming a shaped steel article. The method includes cutting a billet from an alloy composition, the alloy composition including carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt% of the alloy composition, manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition, silicon (Si) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition, aluminum (Al) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 1 wt% to less than or equal to about 5 wt% of the alloy composition, and a balance of the alloy composition being iron (Fe). The method also includes austenitizing the blank under an atmosphere comprising an inert gas to produce an austenitized blank, forming the austenitized blank into a predetermined shape to produce a shaped article, reducing the temperature of the shaped article to ambient temperature at a constant rate to produce a shaped steel article, and heating the shaped steel article to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 100 ℃ to less than or equal to about 400 ℃ for a period of time of greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 30 minutes.

In one aspect, the concentration of Al is greater than or equal to about 3 wt.% to less than or equal to about 4 wt.% of the alloy composition.

In one aspect, the method does not include shot peening.

In one aspect, reducing the temperature of the formed steel article to ambient temperature at a constant rate includes cooling the formed steel article at a rate of greater than or equal to about 15 ℃/s until ambient temperature is reached.

In various aspects, the technology further providesOne step provides a formed steel article. The formed steel article includes a shaped alloy composition. The alloy composition includes carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt% of the alloy composition, manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition, silicon (Si) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt% of the alloy composition, aluminum (Al) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 1 wt% to less than or equal to about 5 wt% of the alloy composition, and a balance of the alloy composition is iron (Fe). The alloy composition is subjected to an inert gas, a carbon (C) -based gas and nitrogen (N) before being formed into said shape₂) Is austenitized, formed into the shape, and subjected to post heat treatment. Said shaped steel article being resistant to the presence of inert gases, gases based on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)₂) Has higher strength and higher ductility.

In one aspect, the shaped steel article is a component of an automobile.

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

Drawings

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating aspects of a method for manufacturing a formed steel article, in accordance with aspects of the present technique.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a temperature profile used in a method for manufacturing a shaped steel article in accordance with aspects of the present technique.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the strength and ductility of a formed steel article made in accordance with aspects of the present technique and formed steel articles made by alternative methods.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth, such as examples of specific compositions, components, devices, and methods, in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some exemplary embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including," and "having," are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, elements, components, steps, integers, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. While the open-ended term "comprising" is to be understood as a non-limiting term used to describe and claim various embodiments set forth herein, in certain aspects the term may alternatively be understood as a more limiting and restrictive term, such as "consisting of … …" or "consisting essentially of … …". Thus, for any given embodiment that recites a composition, material, component, element, feature, integer, operation, and/or process step, the disclosure also specifically includes embodiments that consist of, or consist essentially of, the composition, material, component, element, feature, integer, operation, and/or process step so recited. In the case of "consisting of … …," alternative embodiments exclude any additional compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps, and in the case of "consisting essentially of … …," exclude from such embodiments any additional compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics, but may include in such embodiments any compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics.

Any method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed, unless otherwise indicated.

When a component, element, or layer is referred to as being "on," "engaged to," "coupled to," or "connected to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, engaged, coupled, or connected to the other element, or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly engaged to" or "directly connected to" another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a similar manner (e.g., "between … …" vs "directly between … …", "adjacent" vs "directly adjacent", etc.). As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various steps, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these steps, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms unless otherwise specified. These terms may be only used to distinguish one step, element, component, region, layer or section from another step, element, component, region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first step, element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second step, element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

Spatially or temporally relative terms, such as "before", "after", "inside", "outside", "below", "lower", "above", "upper", and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Spatially or temporally relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device or system in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

Throughout this disclosure, numerical values represent approximate measurements or range limits to encompass minor deviations from the given values and embodiments having substantially the stated values as well as embodiments having exactly the stated values. Other than in the working examples provided at the end of the detailed description, all numerical values of parameters (such as amounts or conditions) in this specification (including the appended claims) are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about", whether or not "about" actually appears before the numerical value. By "about" is meant that the numerical value allows for some slight imprecision (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; approximately). As used herein, "about" means at least variations that may result from ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters, provided that the imprecision provided by "about" is not otherwise understood in the art with such ordinary meaning. For example, "about" can include a variation of less than or equal to 5%, optionally less than or equal to 4%, optionally less than or equal to 3%, optionally less than or equal to 2%, optionally less than or equal to 1%, optionally less than or equal to 0.5%, and in some aspects optionally less than or equal to 0.1%.

In addition, the disclosure of a range includes disclosure of all values and further sub-ranges within the entire range, including the endpoints and sub-ranges given for these ranges.

Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.

High aluminum steel is used in conventional hot stamping processes to provide a non-plated steel. However, the non-plated steel is decarburized during hot stamping, which reduces the strength of the steel. In addition, the brittle martensite phase causes a reduction in ductility. Accordingly, the present technology provides a hot stamping method that minimizes decarburization during austenitizing, increases stability of residual austenite, and increases ductile martensite by post-heat treatment.

The method provided by the present technique is performed with a Press Hardened Steel (PHS) alloy composition having a high aluminum concentration. The alloy composition produces an uncoated steel having a low density of less than or equal to about 5%. The alloy composition includes aluminum (Al) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 10 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 2 wt.% to less than or equal to about 5 wt.%, or greater than or equal to about 3 wt.% to less than or equal to about 4 wt.%.

The alloy composition also includes carbon (C) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 0.15 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.8 wt.%, or greater than or equal to about 0.2 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.6 wt.%.

The alloy composition also includes manganese (Mn) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 3 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 0.25 wt.% to less than or equal to about 2.5 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 0.5 wt.% to less than or equal to about 2 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 0.75 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1.5 wt.%, or greater than or equal to about 1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1.5 wt.%.

The alloy composition also includes silicon (Si) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt% to less than or equal to about 3 wt%, greater than or equal to about 0.25 wt% to less than or equal to about 2.5 wt%, greater than or equal to about 0.5 wt% to less than or equal to about 2 wt%, greater than or equal to about 0.75 wt% to less than or equal to about 1.5 wt%, or greater than or equal to about 1 wt% to less than or equal to about 1.5 wt%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition comprises about 0.2 wt.% Si.

The balance of the alloy composition is iron (Fe).

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes chromium (Cr) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 5 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 4.5 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 4 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 2 wt.% to less than or equal to about 3 wt.%, greater than or equal to about 0.075 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.25 wt.%, or greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.2 wt.%.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes nickel (Ni) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.8 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of Ni. As used herein, "substantially free" means that only trace levels of a component are present, e.g., levels less than or equal to about 1 wt%, less than or equal to about 0.5 wt%, or undetectable levels.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes molybdenum (Mo) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.8 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of Mo.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes copper (Cu) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 1 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.8 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of Cu.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes niobium (Nb) in a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.1 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.005 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of Nb.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes vanadium (V) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.25 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of V.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes titanium (Ti) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.25 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of Ti.

In various embodiments, the alloy composition further includes boron (B) at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0 wt.% to less than or equal to about 0.005 wt.%, or less than or equal to about 0.001 wt.%. In some embodiments, the alloy composition is substantially free of B.

The alloy composition may include various combinations of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb, V, Cu, Ti, B, and Fe, each at concentrations as described above. In some embodiments, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, and Fe. As noted above, the term "consisting essentially of … …" means that the alloy composition excludes additional compositions, materials, components, elements, and/or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the alloy composition, but in embodiments may include any compositions, materials, components, elements, and/or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics. Thus, when the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, and Fe, the alloy composition may also include any combination of Ni, Mo, Nb, V, Cu, Ti, and B that does not substantially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the alloy composition. In other embodiments, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, and Fe at their respective aforementioned concentrations, and at least one of Ni, Mo, Nb, V, Cu, Ti, and B at no more than trace amounts, e.g., at a level less than or equal to about 1.5%, less than or equal to about 1%, less than or equal to about 0.5%, or at an undetectable level. Other elements not described herein may also be included in trace amounts, provided that they do not substantially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the alloy composition.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of Al, C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, Ti, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, Ti, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, B, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, B, and Fe.

In one embodiment, the alloy composition consists essentially of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, Ti, B, and Fe. In another embodiment, the alloy composition consists of C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, Ti, B, and Fe.

The alloy composition also includes chromium and aluminum, wherein the alloy composition has a high chromium content and a relatively low aluminum content or a high aluminum content and a relatively low chromium content.

In various aspects, the balance of the alloy composition is iron.

The alloy composition is rolled into a coil or provided as a sheet and stored for future use. The alloy compositions provided were not pre-oxidized. However, in some embodiments, the alloy composition provided in the coil or sheet is pre-oxidized.

Referring to fig. 1, the present technique provides a method 10 of forming a formed steel article. The formed steel article may be any article that is typically manufactured by hot stamping, such as a vehicle component. Non-limiting examples of vehicles having components suitable for production by the present method include bicycles, cars, motorcycles, boats, tractors, buses, mobile homes, campers, gliders, airplanes, and military vehicles such as tanks.

The method 10 includes cutting a billet 12 from an alloy composition provided as a coil or sheet. The alloy composition may be any alloy composition described herein. The method then includes transferring the blank 12 to a furnace or oven 14 and austenitizing the blank 12 by heating the blank 12 to a temperature above an austenite start forming temperature (Ac1) to produce a heated blank. In various embodiments, the heating includes heating the blank 12 to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 880 ℃ to less than or equal to about 1000 ℃, or greater than or equal to about 900 ℃ to less than or equal to about 950 ℃. The heating is carried out for a period of time greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 20 minutes, or greater than or equal to about 5 minutes to less than or equal to about 10 minutes.

The heating is performed in a reaction chamber containing an inert gas, a carbon-based gas and nitrogen (N)₂) Under an atmosphere of at least one of (1). In various embodiments, the inert gas is helium (He), helium (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), or a combination thereof, and the carbon-based gas is methane (CH)₄) Ethane (C)₂H₆) Or a combination thereof. Thus, the heating is atSelected from He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N₂、CH₄、C₂H₆And combinations thereof.

The heated billet is transferred to a press 18, optionally by a robotic arm 16. Here, the method 10 includes forming the heated blank into a predetermined shape defined by a press. In various embodiments, the forming comprises stamping the heated blank to produce a stamped article having the predetermined shape.

While in the press 18, the method 10 further includes quenching the stamped article to form a shaped steel article 20. The quenching includes reducing the temperature of the stamped article to ambient temperature, in this case producing a formed steel article 20. In various embodiments, the method 10 does not include at least one of a pre-oxidation step, a plating step, and a descaling step (e.g., shot blasting).

Next, the method 10 includes performing a post heat treatment. The post-heat treatment includes transferring the shaped steel article to a second oven or furnace 22 and heating the shaped steel article 20 to a treatment temperature above the martensitic finish (Mf) temperature, but below the martensitic start (Ms) temperature of the alloy composition. In various embodiments, the heating includes heating the formed steel article 20 to a temperature of greater than or equal to about 100 ℃ to less than or equal to about 400 ℃ for a period of greater than or equal to about 0.1 minutes to less than or equal to about 60 minutes, or greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 30 minutes. The method 10 further includes cooling the formed steel article back to ambient temperature.

The method 10 is further described in fig. 2, which shows a graph 50 having a y-axis 52 representing temperature and an x-axis 54 representing time. Line 56 on FIG. 50 is the cooling curve for the alloy composition. Here, the blank is austenitized, i.e., heated to a final temperature 58 that is above a temperature (Ac1) 60 at which ferrite to austenite transformation of the alloy composition begins. As noted above, the final temperature 58 is greater than or equal to about 880 ℃ to less than or equal to about 1000 ℃, or greater than or equal to about 900 ℃ to less than or equal to about 950 ℃.

Then, the temperature in the press is between the final temperature 58 and Ac 160The austenitized blank is stamped or hot formed into a stamped article at 62 degrees. Then, at greater than or equal to about 1 ℃ s^-1Greater than or equal to about 5 ℃ s^-1Greater than or equal to about 10 ℃ s^-1Greater than or equal to about 15 ℃ s^-1Or greater than or equal to about 20 ℃ s^-1At a constant rate of, for example, about 1 ℃ s^-1About 3 ℃ s^-1About 5 ℃ s^-1About 10 ℃ s^-1About 15 ℃ s^-1About 20 ℃ s^-1About 25 ℃ s^-1About 30 ℃ s^-1At or faster than the rate of quenching, i.e., cooling, the stamped article until the temperature is reduced below the martensite start (Ms) temperature 64 to ambient temperature 68, thereby forming a shaped steel article.

The post-heat treatment then includes heating the formed steel article to a temperature greater than ambient temperature 68, for example, as described above, at a treatment temperature 70 of greater than or equal to about 100 ℃ to less than or equal to about 400 ℃ for a period of time of greater than or equal to about 0.1 minutes to less than or equal to about 60 minutes, or greater than or equal to about 2 minutes to less than or equal to about 30 minutes. Cooling the formed steel article back to ambient temperature 68 completes the process.

The inset diagram 80 shown in fig. 2 has a y-axis 82 corresponding to austenite stability and an x-axis 84 corresponding to carbon content in austenite. As shown by line 86, the high carbon content results in an increase in Retained Austenite (RA) stability. This increase in RA stability is associated with a decrease in the carbon content of the martensite, which increases the ductility of the martensite. Without being limited by theory, it appears that the inert gas reduces the reaction between C and the reactive gas, which usually leads to decarburization.

Referring to fig. 3, three formed steel articles were made with the alloy compositions described herein. The first formed steel article is manufactured without using an inert gas during austenitizing and without post-heat treatment. The second formed steel article is produced with a post heat treatment, but without the use of an inert gas during austenitization. A third formed steel article is produced using an inert gas during austenitization and with post heat treatment. The graph 90 is shown with a y-axis 92 corresponding to stress (900-1300 MPa) and an x-axis 94 corresponding to strain (5-11%). The first shaped steel articles are represented by squares, the second shaped steel articles by diamonds and the third shaped steel articles by circles. As shown in FIG. 90, the first formed steel article produced approximately 1100 MPa/5-7%, the second formed steel article produced approximately 1150 MPa/6-10%, and the third formed steel article produced approximately 1270 MPa/8-10%. Thus, the methods of the present technology improve both the strength and ductility of the alloy composition.

The present technology also provides a formed steel article made by the above method. The formed steel article has a higher strength and a higher ductility relative to a second formed article that has not been austenitized at an inert temperature and subjected to post heat treatment. The formed steel article may be a component of an automobile or other vehicle as exemplified above.

In various aspects of the present technique, the alloy composition is austenitized, quenched, and subjected to post heat treatment to form an Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS), and then formed into a coil or provided as a sheet. Such AHSS may be Zn-plated or bare (uncoated), suitable for manufacturing shaped articles by cold stamping at ambient temperature.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but are interchangeable where appropriate and can be used in a selected embodiment even if not specifically shown or described. It may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.